"ɴᴇᴡ" refers to items added after November 1, 2024. The Encyclopedia of
Hōcąk (Winnebago) Mythology
© 2005
by Richard L. Dieterle
e-mail: diete003@umn.edu
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Founded by Richard Lewis Dieterle (b. 1945). To be succeeded by Sheila Shigley.
Note: This website is a work in progress, so files are being constantly added, revised, and updated.
Some stories may contain subject matter not suitable for children.
"ɴᴇᴡ" refers to items added after November 1, 2024.
"R" denotes items substantially revised after November 1, 2024. f
| Guides | Subject Entries | Stories (Waiką & Worak) | Place Name Stories | History and Biography | Personal Histories | Ethnography | Rites | Games and Sports | Sayings | Poetry | Narrative Structure | Foreign Stories Told by the Hōcągara | Mention of the Hōcągara in the Mythology of Other Nations | Big Knife Fiction of Hōcąk Inspiration | Miscellaneous Material | Spiritual Genealogies | Spuria | Essays | General Works | Language Studies | Census Rolls | Hōcąk Genealogy on WikiTree | Archaeology | Astronomy Allegories | Archaeoastronomy | Maps | Gallery of the Hōcąk Nation | Gallery of Hōcąk Artifacts | Resources and External Links | Other Sites by Richard Dieterle |
Sunrise Song (score only)
Radin's Winnebago Notebooks at the American Philosophical Society
Original Texts
| Winnebago II, #5: 31-34 (Keramąnįš’aka's Blessing) | Winnebago II, #6: 16v-21 (Keramąnįš’aka's Blessing) | Winnebago II, #1: 35-40 (The Blessing of Kerexųsaka) | Winnebago II, #5: 36-39 (The Blessing of Kerexųsaka) | Winnebago II, #6: 22-28 (The Blessing of Kerexųsaka) | Winnebago II, #5: 258-268 (Hare Secures the Creation Lodge of the Medicine Rite) | Winnebago II, #6: 69-81 (Hare Secures the Creation Lodge of the Medicine Rite) | Winnebago II, #6: 169-177 (The Journey to Spiritland (v. 4)) | Winnebago III, #6: 362-372 (The Journey to Spiritland (v. 4)) | Winnebago III, #7: 7-10 (The Bear Feast) | Winnebago III, #12: 21-23 (The Blessing of Kerexųsaka) | Winnebago III, #19b: 14-16 (Burial Customs) | Winnebago III, #19b: 17-20 (The Omahas who Turned into Snakes) | Winnebago IV, #8o, Version 1: 1-12, Version 2: 1-11 (The Thunderbird) | Winnebago V, #8:1-2 & Winnebago V. #5:3-60 (Ghost Dance Origin Myth II) | Winnebago V, #8:14-37 (Ghost Dance Origin Myth II) | Winnebago V, #8, 36-41 (Origin Myth of the Hawk Clan (v. 1)) | Winnebago V, #9: 1-61 (Partridge's Older Brother) | Winnebago V, #14 (Ocean Duck) | Winnebago V, #15 (The Shaggy Man) | Winnebago V, #16 (The Nannyberry Picker) | Winnebago V, #18 (Trickster Soils the Princess) | Winnebago V, #20 (Thunderbird Warbundle Feast, v. 3) | Winnebago V, #21 (The Buffalo Dance) | Notebook 7 (Partridge's Older Brother) | Notebook 13 (Ocean Duck) | Notebook 14 (Įcohorúšika and His Brothers) | Winnebago V, #24 (The Funeral Practices of the Thunderbird Clan) | Notebook #16 (The Thunderbird) | Notebook 20 (Eats the Stinking Part of the Deer Ankle) | Notebook 23 (Sore Eyes Rite) | Notebook 24: 11-19 (The Bear Feast) | Notebook 39 (Aracgéga's Blessing) | Notebook 40 (The Buffalo Dance) | Notebook 42 (Ceremonial Lacrosse) | Notebook 48 (Crane and His Brothers) | Notebook 60 (Snowshoe Strings) | Notebook 66, Story 4: 1-7 (The Two Children) | Notebook 69 (Sore Eyes Rite) | Notebook 71, pt 2 (Little Red Bird's Story) | Notebook 74.1 (Victory Dance) | Notebook 78 (Hokixere Dance) | YouTube (A Deer Story) |
Untranslated Transcriptions of Audio Tapes at APS
| The Drunkard's Self-Reflections | A Peak-Headed Member of Reborn Triplets |
Susman's Winnebago Notebooks at the American Philosophical Society
Original Texts
McKern's Winnebago Notebook at the Milwaukee Public Museum • Includes all the original MSS
Subject Entries (Personages, Lands, Sacred Objects, Concepts)
Buffalo Spirits • additions made, footnotes linked, 3.8.2025
Calendar — see Moon
Cougars (Mountain Lions, Pumas, Panthers)
Crows, see Kaǧi
Grandmother — see Earth
Great Spirit — see Earthmaker (Mą’ųna)
Hare (Wašjįgéga, Rabbit)See also The Hare Cycle
Hōcąk-English Interlinear Text — Heroka Songs
see also, The Redhorn Panel at Picture Cave: An American Star Map
[He Who has] Human Heads as Earlobes — see Redhorn
Kaǧi (Crows, Ravens)
Kecągéga — see Turtle
Mą’ųna — see Earthmaker
see also, The Rise of Morning Star
Mountain Lions — see Cougars
Rabbit (Wašjįgéga) — see Hare
Ravens, see Kaǧi
Red Star — see Bluehorn
See also The Redhorn Cycle, The Redhorn Panel at Picture Cave: An American Star Map
See also The Redhorn Cycle
Supernatural and Spiritual Power
Trickster (Wakjąkága)
See also The Trickster Cycle
Turtle (Kecąkega)
Wašjįgéga — see Hare
Wakjąkaga — see Trickster
Wanąǧi — see Ghosts
The Animal Spirit Aids of the Medicine Rite
The Annihilation of the Hōcągara I
Annihilation of the Hōcągara II
The Arrows of the Medicine Rite Men
Baldheaded Warclub Origin Myth
Battle of the Night Blessed Men and the Medicine Rite Men
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — Battle of the Night Blessed Men and the Medicine Rite Men
The Beginning of the Winnebago
Big Thunder Teaches Cap’ósgaga the Warpath
Hōcąk Text — Bird Clan Origin Myth
Quapah Convergences with the Common Winnebago-Chiwere Clan System (Table)
Osage and Hōcąk Clans Compared (Table)
Omaha and Hōcąk Clans Compared (Table)
See Frank Weinhold's article on this story: Black Otter's Narrative: Wisconsin Native Recollections Relating to Pre-History of the Lewis-Clark Expedition
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — Bladder and His Brothers, Version 1
Hōcąk Text — Bladder and His Brothers, Version 2
The Blessing of a Bear Clansman
Hōcąk Text — The Blessing of the Bow
Hōcąk Text — The Blessing of Kerexųsaka
The Boy Captured by the Bad Thunderbirds
The Boy who was Blessed by a Mountain Lion
The Commandments of Earthmaker
The Cosmic Ages of the Hōcągara
Coyote and the Ghost, see Little Fox and the Ghost
Coyote Goes on the Warpath, see Little Fox Goes on the Warpath
The Daughter-in-Law's Jealousy
Devil's Lake — How It Got Its Name
Disease Giver Blesses Jobenągiwįxka
East Enters the Medicine Lodge
Eats the Stinking Part of the Deer Ankle
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — Eats the Stinking Part of the Deer Ankle
The Friendship Drum Origin Myth, Variant 1
The Friendship Drum Origin Myth, Variant 2
The Ghost Dance Origin Myth II • revised translation, expanded commentary, with the addition of Paul Radin's notes and commentary. 4.20.2025
The Girl who Refused a Blessing from the Wood Spirits
Great Walker and the Ojibwe Witches
The Green Waterspirit of the Wisconsin Dells
§5. Hare Visits His Grandfather Bear
§6. Grandmother Packs the Bear Meat
§7. Hare Visits the Bodiless Heads
§8. Hare Kills a Man with a Cane
Hōcąk Text — Hare Burns His Buttocks [incomplete]
§12. Hare and the Dangerous Frog
§13. Hare Retrieves a Stolen Scalp
§14. Hare Recruits Game Animals for Humans
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — Hare Recruits Game Animals for Humans, v. 2
Hare Secures the Creation Lodge of the Medicine Rite
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — Hare Secures the Creation Lodge of the Medicine Rite
Hawk Clan Origin Myth • format upgraded, 11.2.2024
The Hill that Devoured Men and Animals
Historical Origins of the Medicine Rite
The Hōcągara Contest the Giants
Holy One and His Brother, V. 1
Holy One and His Brother, V. 2: "Why a Tattletale is Called a 'Woodpecker',"
The Horse Spirit of Eagle Heights
How the Hills and Valleys were Formed
How the Thunders Met the Nights, or, The Live Iron (Mąznį’ąbᵉra)
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — Įcorúšika
Original Text: Notebook 14
see also, The Redhorn Panel at Picture Cave: An American Star Map
The Journey of the Prophet's Acolyte • added 2.8.2025
Hōcąk Text — Journey to Spiritland, Version 1a
Hōcąk Text — Journey to Spiritland, Version 1b
Hōcąk Text — Journey to Spiritland, Version 4
Hōcąk Text — Journey to Spiritland, Version 5
Lakes of the Wazija Origin Myth
Little Fox Goes on the Warpath
The Love Blessing (with two love songs)
The Magical Powers of Lincoln's Grandfather
The Man who Defied Disease Giver
The Man who Lost His Children to a Wood Spirit
The Man who went to the Upper and Lower Worlds
The Man Who Would Dream of Mą’ųna
The Man Whose Wife was CapturedHōcąk Text — The Markings on the Moon, Version 2 (with notes by Gatschet)
The Medicine Rite Foundation Myth
Menominee Origins (= Bear Clan Origin Myth, v. 2b)
A Menominee Visit to a Chief’s Resort, He being the Only Man Who had not Fled the Place
Hōcąk Text — A Menominee Visit to a Chief’s Resort, He being the Only Man Who had not Fled the Place
The Message the Fireballs Brought
Hōcąk Text — The Messengers of Hare, Version 1
Hōcąk Text —The Messengers of Hare, Version 2a (First Telling)
Hōcąk Text —The Messengers of Hare, Version 2b (Second Telling)
Version 3 (English only)The Meteor Spirit and the Origin of Wampum
Mijistéga’s Powwow Magic and How He Won the Trader's Store
The Mission of the Five Sons of EarthmakerHōcąk Text — The Mission of the Five Sons of Earthmaker, V. 2
The Nightspirits Bless Ciwoit’éhiga
The Nightspirits Bless Jobenągiwįxka
The Oak Tree and the Man Who was Blessed by the Heroka
An important astronomical allegory about the Hyades and the Moon.
Old Man and Wears White Feather
Old Woman and the Maple Tree Spirit
The Omahas who turned into Snakes
The Origin of the Cliff Swallow
The Origins of the Nightspirit Starting Songs
The Orphan who was Blessed with a Horse
Otter and Beaver Create ProgenyOtter Comes to the Medicine Rite
A Prophecy About the First School
A Raccoon Tricks Four Blind Men
§1. The Race for the Chief's Daughter
§3. Redhorn and His Brothers Marry
§4. Redhorn Contests the Giants
§5. The Sons of Redhorn Find Their Father
The Resurrection of the Chief's Daughter
River Child and the Waterspirit of Devil's Lake
The Shawnee Prophet and His Ascension
The Shawnee Prophet Predicts a Solar Eclipse
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — The Shawnee Prophet Predicts a Solar Eclipse
The Shawnee Prophet — What He Told the Hōcągara
Hōcąk Text — The Shell Anklets Origin Myth, Version 1a
The Sioux Warparty and the Waterspirit of Green Lake
Snake Clan Origins (fragmentary)
This unique myth was deciphered as an astronomy allegory tracing the interrelationship between Jupiter and the Evening Star of Venus as they passed through the region of the Milky Way for a period of 91 years (1639-1730).
Soft Shelled Turtle Gets Married
South Enters the Medicine Lodge
The Spiritual Descent of John Rave's Mother
The Stench-Earth Medicine Origin Myth
The Story of the Medicine Rite
The Story of the Thunder NamesAn important astronomy myth from the Bear Clan.
Hōcąk Text — Tobacco Origin Myth, Version 1
Hōcąk Text — Tobacco Origin Myth, Version 3
Traveler and the Thunderbird War
§3. Trickster and the Children
§4. Trickster's Adventures in the Ocean
§6. Trickster's Anus Guards the Ducks
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — Trickster's Anus Guards the Ducks (v. 1)
§8. The Abduction and Rescue of Trickster
§10. Trickster Visits His Family
§11. Trickster Eats the Laxative Bulb
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — Trickster Eats the Laxative Bulb, Version 2
§13. Trickster and the Mothers
§18. Trickster Loses Most of His Penis
§22. Trickster Takes Little Fox for a Ride
§23. Trickster Concludes His Mission
Trickster, Wolf, Lark, and Turtle
The Twins Cycle of Sam Blowsnake (Version 1)
§2. The Twins Disobey Their Father
§3. The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee
§4. The Twins Get into Hot Water
§5. The Twins Visit Their Father's Village
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — The Twins Visit Their Father's Village
§6. The Twins Join Redhorn's Warparty
§7. Earthmaker Sends Rušewe to the Twins
The Twins Cycle of Jasper Blowsnake (Version 2)
§2. The Twins Disobey Their Father
§3. The Twins Get into Hot Water
§4. The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee
§5. The Twins Visit Their Father's Village
§7. Earthmaker Sends Rušewe to the Twins
The Twins Cycle (Version 3 of Amelia Susman)
§2. he Twins Disobey Their Father
§3. The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee
§4. The Twins Get into Hot Water
§5. The Twins Kill a Waterspirit (= Earthmaker Sends Rušewe to the Twins, V. 3)
§6. The Twins Visit Their Father's Village
The Twins Retrieve Red Star's Head
The Warbundle of the Eight Generations
Waruǧábᵉra, or The Thunderbird Warbundle
A Waterspirit Blesses Mąnį́xete’ų́ga
The Waterspirit Guardian of the Intaglio Mound
The Waterspirit of Lake Koshkonong
Waterspirits Keep the Corn Fields Wet
Wears White Feather on His Head
Winnebagos Go to See the Prophet
The Woman Who Became a Walnut Tree
The Woman Who Loved Her Half-Brother
The Woman's Scalp Medicine Bundle
Wonáǧire Wą́kšik Origin Myth — see Hawk Clan Origin Myth
Worúxega
Big Spring and White Clay Spring
Devil's Lake — How it Got its Name
Dogira Spring — see Trail Spring
Lake Wąkšikhomįgra (Mendota): the Origin of Its Name
Origin of the Hōcąk Name for Chicago
Origin of the Name "Milwaukee"
(1748/1923) Peter Chaurette, The Smoky Mountain Massacre
(1832) Oliver LaMère, "Cracked Mouth"
(1832/1878) N. Matson & Rachel Hall, The Rescue of the Hall Sisters by the Hōcągara
(bef. 1837) Rasdall's Fight
(1839) The Horse Raid
(ca. 1840) Visit from a Hungry Man
(1840s) Visitors
(1840s) Double Homicide (two versions) • added 1.9.2025
(1850) Baraboo in the 1840s
(1855-1876) Nachusa
(1869) The Heart River Fight as Recorded in a Pictograph by One of the Hōcąk Scouts
(1883) The Gift Dance • added 1.3.2025
(1887) Moses Pauquette, The Wisconsin Winnebagoes
(1887) Spoon Decorah, The Narrative of Spoon Decorah
(1887) Walking Cloud, The Narrative of Walking Cloud
(1912) Little Red Bird's Story • added 11.15.2024
(1913) Charles Philip Hexom, Indian History of Winneshiek County
(1920) Ten Descendants of a Famous Chief Camp at Lake Koshkonong
(1923) Norton Jipson, Winnebago Villages and Chieftains of the Lower Rock River Region
(1927) Lt. Col. Glenn W. Garlock, An Afternoon of Grim Fighting: The Fate of Foster and Robert Decorah
(1959) The War of the Indian Tribes against the White Soldiers • commentary revised, 11.17.2024
Hōcąk-English Interlinear Text — The War of the Indian Tribes against the White Soldiers
(1959) The Woman Who Is Going to Stop the War
Hōcąk-English Interlinear Text — The Woman Who Is Going to Stop the War
See also, Publius V. Lawson, The Winnebago Tribe (1907)
Personal Histories and Anecdotes
’Āhúcogá (Blue Wing) • added 1.1.2025
Black Otter's Sacrifice to a ThunderThe Boy Who Wants to Go to War
Chief Wave Tries to Take the Whiskey
The Chief Who Shot His Own Daughter
The Death of Henry Harris’ Daughter
Fireman's Brother (with Hōcąk Text)
How a White Man was Sniffed Out
Jarrot and His Friends Saved from Starvation
Jerrot's Temperance Pledge — A Poem
John Rave's Account of the Peyote Cult and of His Conversion
Hōcąk Text — John Rave's Account of the Peyote Cult and of His Conversion
Little Priest, How He went out as a Soldier
Hōcąk Text — The Story of How Little Priest went out as a Soldier
The Man who was Blessed by the Sun
The Man who was a Reincarnated Thunderbird
Minnie White Wing Visits Madison • added 12.25.2024
Mitchell Red Cloud, jr. Wins the Medal of Honor
The Origin of Big Canoe's Name
The Scalping Knife of Wakąšucka
The Shrewd Winnebagoes of Dixon’s Crossing
Soldiers Catch Two Boys, a Black One and a White One
Hōcąk Text — Soldiers Catch Two Boys, a Black One and a White One
They Owe a Bullet (with three warrior songs)
Whiskey Making • added 12.19.2024
Yellow Crow Sacrifices to Disease Giver
Ethnography and Travel Accounts
(1639 - 1723) The Jesuit Relations
(1806) General Zebulon Pike, Exploratory Travels
(1814) Alfred Edward Bulger, Events at Prairie du Chien Previous to American Occupation, 1814
(1820) Rev. Jedidiah Morse, “A Report to the Secretary of War of the United States, on Indian Affairs”
(1821) General Albert G. Ellis, Fifty-Four Years’ Recollections of Men and Events in Wisconsin
(1823) C. C. Trowbridge, “Manners, Customs, and International Laws of the Win-nee-baa-goa Nation” [missing its "Language" subsection]
(1828/1872) John W. Spencer, “Reminiscences of Pioneer Life in the Mississippi Valley”
(1828) Meeting with the President
(1828) Allgemeine Geschichte • The meeting with President Adams
(1829) Caleb Atwater, “Remarks Made on a Tour to Prairie du Chien thence to Washington City in 1829”
(early 1830s) James Watson Webb, Altowan, Or, Incidents of Life and Adventure in the Rocky Mountains
(1831-1833) Juliette Augusta Magill Kinzie, Wau-Bun, The "Early Day" in the North-west
(1835) George Featherstonhaugh, “A Canoe Voyage Up the Minnay Sotor”
(1838) Caleb Atwater, “A History of the State of Ohio, Natural and Civil”
(1838) Hulbert and Smith, “Notes of the Four Lakes Indians”
(1842) Hunting at Green Lake
(1845) Paul Kane, Wanderings of an Artist Among the Indians of North America
(1846) Pickett and Lawson, Burial Practices in 1846
(1853) Mary Eastman, The American Aboriginal Portfolio
(1854) Mary Eastman, Chicóra and Other Regions of the Conquerors and the Conquered
(1877) Peter Menaige, Medicine-Bag "Shooting"
(1877) Peter Menaige and Thomas Foster, Dream Sacrifices
(1907) Publius V. Lawson, The Winnebago Tribe
(1908-1913) The Funeral Practices of the Thunderbird Clan
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — The Funeral Practices of the Thunderbird Clan
(1908-1913) The Precepts of Charles Blowsnake
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — The Precepts of Charles Blowsnake, Part I
Hōcąk-English Interlinear Text — The Precepts of Charles Blowsnake, Part II
(1908-1913) Tom Big Bear, Burial Customs of the Warrior Clan
Hōcąk-English Interlinear Text — Burial Customs of the Warrior Clan
(1909) Eduard Seler, Joseph Lamère's Warbundles
(1910) Paul Radin, “The Clan Structure of the Winnebago. A Preliminary Report”
(1910) Robert H. Lowie, “New Collections: Wisconsin Winnebago Collection”
(1911) Paul Radin, “The Ritual and Significance of the Winnebago Medicine Dance”
(1911-1913) Precontact Implements • added 11.5.2024
(1913) Paul Radin, ”The Victory Dance”
(1913) Charles Philip Hexom, Indian History of Winneshiek County
(1914) Paul Radin, “Personal Reminiscences of a Winnebago Indian”
(1921) Blue Wing's Village • added 1.7.2024
(1922) Theodore P. Bolliger, The Wisconsin Winnebago Indians and the Mission of the Reformed Church
(1923) Alphonse Gerend, "Warbundle Sacrifice"
(1927) The McKern Papers on Hōcąk Ethnography, Printed Version
(1938) The Bow and Arrow
(1959) What Women Do When Men Go to War
Hōcąk-English Interlinear Text — What Women Do When Men Go to War
(1959) The Hōcąk and Menominee Farm Side-by-Side as Friends
Hōcąk-English Interlinear Text — The Hōcąk and Menominee Farm Side-by-Side as Friends
The Thunderbird Clan Warbundle Feast, Version 3
Hōcąk Syllabic Text — The Thunderbird Clan Warbundle Feast, Version 3
A Rite to Appease Wood Spirits
Foreign Stories Told by the Hōcągara
Mention of the Hōcągara in the Mythology of Other Nations
Big Knife Fiction of Hōcąk Inspiration
| The Chief of the Heroka (+ Forked Men) | Chief of the White Cranes (+ Forked Man, Hįca Owl Spirit, the Carucge) | "Old Man" (+ Sun, Moon, Big Eater) | The Red Man | Thunderbirds | Waterspirits (Wakcexi, Traveler +Turtle) | The Wolf Boy and His Wife |
Little Brother Snares the Sun (actually Ojibwe)
The Five Apparitions of Morning Star
Word and Phrase Lists
Hōcąk TextsFoster's Word List
Gatschet & StCyr, "Hotchank hit’é: The Winnebago Language"
Hōcąk Vocabulary (unknown compiler), ISIL 1880 Format
The Abduction and Rescue of Trickster | The Animal that would Eat Men | Aracgéga's Blessing | The Arrows of the Medicine Rite Men (v. 1) | The Arrows of the Medicine Rite Men (v. 2) | Battle of the Night Blessed Men and the Medicine Rite Men | Bear Clan Origin Myth (v. 7) | Bear Clan Origin Myth (v. 8) | The Bear Feast | Bear Offers Himself as Food (v. 2) | The Beginning of the Winnebago | Beliefs Concerning Ghosts | Big Eater | Bird Clan Origin Myth | The Birth of the Twins (v. 1) | The Birth of the Twins (v. 2) | The Birth of the Twins (v. 3) | Black Otter’s Sacrifice to a Thunder | Bladder and His Brothers (v. 1) | Bladder and His Brothers (v. 2) | Bladder and His Brothers (v. 5) | Bladder and His Brothers (v. 6) | The Blessing of the Bow | The Blessings of the Buffalo Spirits | Bluehorn Rescues His Sister | The Bow and Arrow | The Boy Who Flew | The Boy Who Wants to Go to War | The Boy who would be Immortal - 1 | The Boy who would be Immortal - 2 | Brave Man Gambles | The Brown Squirrel | The Buffalo's Walk | The Bungling Host | Burial Customs of the Warrior Clan | The Canine Warrior | The Captive Boys | The Claw Shooter | The Completion Song Origin | Coughing Up Black Hawks | Crane and His Brothers | Creation of Man (v. 8) | Creation of the World (v. 11) | A Deer Story | Deer Clan Origin Myth (v. 1) | Descent of the Drum, Version 1 | Descent of the Drum (v. 2) | The Diving Contest | The Dipper | Disease Giver Blesses Jobenągiwįxka | Dying in War | Earthmaker Blesses Wešgíšega (v. 1) | Earthmaker Blesses Wešgíšega (v. 2) | Earthmaker Sends Rušewe to the Twins (v. 1) | Earthmaker Sends Rušewe to the Twins (v. 2) | East Enters the Medicine Lodge (v. 1) | East Enters the Medicine Lodge (v. 2) | East Shakes the Messenger | Eats the Stinking Part of the Deer Ankle | The Elk's Skull | Farewell Songs | The Fatal House | The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee (v. 1) | The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee (v. 2) | The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee (v. 3) | Fighting Retreat | Fireman's Brother | First Contact | The Fleetfooted Man | The Four Services Songs | The Four Slumbers Origin Myth | The Four Steps of the Cougar | The Fox-Hōcąk War | Ghost Dance Origin Myth I | Ghost Dance Origin Myth II | A Giant Visits His Daughter | The Gift of Shooting | Grandmother's Gifts | Hare Burns His Buttocks | Hare Establishes Bear Hunting | Hare Gets Swallowed | Hare Kills a Man with a Cane | Hare Recruits Game Animals for Humans (v. 2) | Hare Steals the Fish | Hawk Clan Origin Myth | Heroka Songs | Historical Origins of the Medicine Rite | The Hōcąk and Menominee Farm Side-by-Side as Friends | Hog's Adventures | Holy One and His Brother | How Little Priest went out as a Soldier | The Ice Hole | Iron Staff and His Companions | The Island Weight Songs | Įcorúšika and His Brothers | The Journey of the Prophet’s Acolyte | Journey to Spiritland (v. 1a) | Journey to Spiritland (v. 1b) | Journey to Spiritland (v. 4) | Journey to Spiritland, (v. 5) | Journey to Spiritland (v. 6) | Journey to Spiritland (v. 8) | Kaǧiga | Keramąnįš’aka's Blessing | The Lame Friend | Little Fox is Invited to a Feast | Little Fox Goes on the Warpath | Little Human Head | Little Thunder | The Lord's Prayer | The Lost Blanket (v. 1) | The Lost Blanket (v. 2) | A Man's Revenge | The Man with Two Heads | The Man who went to the Upper & Lower Worlds | The Man Whose Wife was Captured (v. 1) | The Markings on the Moon (v. 2) (with notes by Gatschet) | Mąznį’ąbera | Medicine Rite Foundation Myth (v. 2) | Medicine Rite Foundation Myth (v. 4) | The Messengers of Hare (v. 1) | The Messengers of Hare (v. 2a) (First Telling) | The Messengers of Hare (v. 2b) (Second Telling) | Migistéga | Mink Soils the Princess | A Mink Tricks Trickster | The Mission of the Five Sons of Earthmaker (v. 2) | Morning Star and His Friend | Nąąwąnįkra | The Nannyberry Picker | The Necessity for Death (v. 2) | The Necessity for Death (v. 3) | The Nightspirits Bless Ciwoit’éhiga | The Nightspirits Bless Jobenągiwįxka | North Shakes His Gourd | Ocean Duck | The Old Man and the Giants | Old Man and Wears White Feather | The Omahas who Turned into Snakes | Origin of the Decorah Family | The Osage Massacre | Otter Comes to the Medicine Rite | Paint Medicine Origin Myth | Partridge's Older Brother | Peace of Mind Regained | The Pointing Man (v. 1) | The Pointing Man (v. 2) | Potato Magic | The Precepts of Charles Blowsnake, Part I | The Precepts of Charles Blowsnake, Part II | A Prophecy | A Prophecy About the End Time | Little Red Bird's Story | Resurrection of the Chief's Daughter | Rich Man, Boy, and Horse | The Scenting Contest | The Seer | The Shaggy Man | Shakes the Earth | The Shell Anklets Origin Myth (v. 1a) | The Shell Anklets Origin Myth (v. 1b) | The Shell Anklets Origin Myth (v. 2) | A Sioux Story | Snake Song Origin Myth | Snowshoe Strings | Soldier Dance Songs | Soldiers Catch Two Boys, a Black One and a White One | The Song to the Elephant | Song of the Mouse | South Enters the Medicine Lodge (v. 1) | South Enters the Medicine Lodge (v. 2) | South Seizes the Messenger | The Stone that Turned into a Frog | The Story of the Thunder Names | Šųgepaga | The Sweetened Drink Song | Testing the Slave, Version 1 | Testing the Slave (v. 2) | The Thunderbird | Thunderbird and White Horse | Thunderbird Clan Origin Myth (v. 3) | Thunderbird Clan Origin Myth (v. 7) | Thunderbird Clan Warbundle Feast (v. 3) | Thunder Cloud is Blessed | Thunder Cloud Marries Again | Tobacco Origin Myth (v. 3) | Tobacco Origin Myth (v. 4) | Tobacco Origin Myth (v. 5) | Traveler and the Thunderbird War (v. 1) | Trickster and the Children | Trickster and the Dancers (v. 2) | Trickster and the Mothers | Trickster and the Plums (v. 1) | Trickster Concludes His Mission | Trickster Eats the Laxative Bulb (v. 2) | Trickster Gets Pregnant | Trickster Loses His Meal, Version 1 | Trickster Loses Most of His Penis | Trickster Soils the Princess | Trickster Takes Little Fox for a Ride | Trickster Visits His Family | Trickster's Adventures in the Ocean | Trickster's Anus Guards the Ducks (v. 1) | Trickster's Anus Guards the Ducks (v. 2) | Trickster's Buffalo Hunt | Trickster's Penis | Trickster's Tail | Trickster's Warpath | Turtle and the Giant | Turtle and the Merchant | Turtle's Warparty (v. 2) | Turtle's Warparty (v. 3) | The Twins Disobey Their Father (v. 1) | The Twins Disobey Their Father (v. 2) | The Twins Disobey Their Father (v. 3) | The Twins Get into Hot Water (v. 1) | The Twins Get into Hot Water (v. 2) | The Twins Get into Hot Water (v. 3) | The Twins Join Redhorn's Warparty | The Twins Kill a Waterspirit (Earthmaker Sends Rušewe to the Twins (v. 3) | The Twins Retrieve Redstar's Head: 1-59 | The Twins Visit Their Father's Village (v. 1) | The Twins Visit Their Father's Village (v. 2) | The Twins Visit Their Father's Village (v. 3) | The Two Boys | The Two Brothers | The Two Children | The Victory Dance | Wanihéga Becomes a Sak’į | War of the Indian Tribes against the White Soldiers | Waterspirit Bluehorn (Brave Man) | The Were-fish (v. 2) | The Were-Grizzly | A Wife for Knowledge | Winnebagos Go to See the Prophet | Whiskey Making | Wolves and Humans | The Woman who Became a Walnut Tree | The Woman Who Is Going to Stop the War | Worúxega | Young Man Gambles Often |
Religious Texts
Census Rolls • revised here: Note 13, 12.22.2024
(1829-1832) Winnebago Village List, by John H. Kinzie
| 1829 Village List | 1. Scalp Lake | 2. Grand Bourbier | 3. Elk Village | 4. Grand Rapids (Watertown) | 5. Muddy Lake Village | 6. Fox Lake | 7. Little Rapids of the Rock River = Forks of the Rock River Where They Peel Bark | 8. Nąhų́ra Ruhara (Sturgeon Spawn) | 9. Koshkonong Village | 10. Village of Little Lake | 11. Four Lakes, No. 1 (Lake Mendota) | 12. Four Lakes, No. 2 (Lake Monona) | 13. Four Lakes, No. 3 (Waubesa) | 14. Four Lakes, No. 4 (Lake Kegonsa | 15. Catfish Village | 16. Round Rock Village | 17. Standing Post Village | 18. Turtle Creek Village | 19. Village at the Mouth of Sugar Creek | [20.] Nąpasą Village = ? Sycamore Village | 21. Sugar Camp Village (Prophetstown) | 22. Lower Barribault [Baraboo] Village, No. 1 | 23. Middle Barribault [Baraboo] Village, No. 2 | 24. Upper Barribault [Baraboo] Village, No. 3 | 25. Pine River Village | 26. Little Calf Village | 27. Wakąhaga's Village | 28. Lake Puckaway | 29. Little Green Lake | 30. Big Green Lake | 31. Little Rush Lake | 32. Butte des Morts and Village | 33. Black Wolf's Village | 34. Garlic Island | 35. Winnebago Rapids Village [Doty Island] | 36. Fond du Lac | Villages Above Prairie du Chien | Grand Total | Heads of Families and Individuals (Miscellaneous) | Heads of Families and Individuals (Miscellaneous Claims) | Names in Pencil on Margins and Back of the Document | Births and Deaths | Further Names on the Back of the Document | Gallery of People Mentioned in the Rolls | Location of Villages Mentioned in the Rolls |
| Armel | Baker | Baptiste | Big Fire | Big Hawk | Blackdeer | Black Wolf | Blackhawk | Blowsnake | Brown | Buffalohead | Cassiman | Cloud | Davis | Decora | Earth | Frenchman | Funmaker | Goodvillage | Green | Green Cloud | Greendeer | Greengrass | Greensnake | Grignon | Herman | Hunker | Hunter | Keramąnį | LaMere | L’Ecuyer | Lincoln | (Little) Priest | Little Sam | Logan | Londrosh | Lonetree | Lyon/Lowe | Mąjanąka | Manaigre | Mike | Miner | Paquette | Payer | Rave | Red Cloud | Redbird | Redhorn | Renfer | Rice Hill (Little Hill) | Russell | Sampson | Sine | Smoke | Spanioraga – St. Cyr | Stacy | Sun(n) | Tebo | Thomas | Thunder(cloud) | Walking Day | Waukon | Whirling Thunder | White | Whitebear | White Breast | White Eagle | White Elk | Whitepine | Whiterabbit | Whitesnake | Whitewater | Whitewood (Seymour) | Wild Goose - Vunk - Pelkey | Winneshiek | Xųnųnįka-Mack | Yellow Thunder – White Crow |
This work is incomplete, containing only 8 regions, but I expect to make additions over time.
Gottschall: A New Interpretation
Gottschall: Debate and Discussion
Grizzlyman as a Preform of Blue Bear
The Redhorn Panel at Picture Cave: An American Star Map
Table: The Correspondence of the Moon at Various Dates with the Winged Oval Figure
Denoting Marks of the Redhorn Panel and Their Astronomical Values
The Thruston Tablet: Deciphering the Iconography of an Ancient Twins Cycle
see also, The Rise of Morning Star
| Bluehorn's Nephews | The Children of the Sun | The Dipper | Eats the Stinking Part of the Deer Ankle | Grandfather's Two Families | Heną́ga and Star Girl | Įcorúšika and His Brothers | Little Human Head (?) | The Meteor Spirit and the Origin of Wampum | Morning Star and His Friend | Ocean Duck | Partridge's Older Brother | The Raccoon Coat | The Red Feather | The Seven Maidens | Snowshoe Strings | Sun and the Big Eater | Sunset Point | Turtle and the Witches | The Twins Retrieve Red Star's Head | Wojijé | The Woman Who Became an Ant |
Is the Chaco Canyon Rock Art a Star Map Showing SN 1054?
The Redhorn Panel at Picture Cave: An American Star Map
Table: The Correspondence of the Moon at Various Dates with the Winged Oval Figure
Denoting Marks of the Redhorn Panel and Their Astronomical Values
| Boisseau's Map of NE N. America, 1643 | Carte du Pays des Sauvages Renards, 1730 (Lake Winnebago and Vicinity) | Carver’s Travels | Champlain's Map of NE N. America, 1632 | Cold Water Canyon | De Mun and White Breast on Sugar Creek | Devil's Lake | Devil’s Lake Contour Map | De Soto, McGregor, Paint Rock, La Crosse, Prairie du Chien | Fox Point and Louie's Bluff | Fox Point to Castle Rock | Garlic Island | Green Lake & Lake Puckaway | Huasteca and Tula | Lake Mendota & Lost Lake | Lake Mendota, Tenney Park | Lake Wingra | Lake Winnebago & Green Lake | Lake Winnebago South | Lone Rock, Sugar Bowl, Grotto Rock, and the Old River Bed | Long Prairie Reservation, 1843 | Lost Canyon | Manawa in Relation to Green Bay | Marquette's Map of the Mississippi, 1681 | Miwok Tribe, Distribution in California | Necedah | Neenah Village Site | Nepeuskun County | The Neutral Ground | Northern Illinois, 1834 | Old Manawa | Rock River in Illinois | Rock River in Wisconsin | Silver Mound | Wazija (Wisconsin) | Winneconnee | Wisconsin | Wisconsin Dells | Wisconsin Section of Champlain's Map | Wisconsin Section of Champlain's 1689 Map | Wisconsin Section of Joliet's Map of 1674 |
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| Guides | Subject Entries | Stories (Waiką & Worak) | Place Name Stories | History and Biography | Personal Histories | Ethnography | Rites | Games and Sports | Sayings | Poetry | Narrative Structure | Foreign Stories Told by the Hōcągara | Mention of the Hōcągara in the Mythology of Other Nations | Big Knife Fiction of Hōcąk Inspiration | Miscellaneous Material | Spiritual Genealogies | Spuria | Essays | General Works | Language Studies | Census Rolls | Hōcąk Genealogy on WikiTree | Archaeology | Astronomy Allegories | Archaeoastronomy | Maps | Gallery of the Hōcąk Nation | Gallery of Hōcąk Artifacts | Resources and External Links | Other Sites by Richard Dieterle |
| Other Sites by Richard Lewis Dieterle |
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Vietnam War Stories |
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