Hōcąk Text — Whiskey Making

by John Baptiste


English Translation


Original Texts: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4v | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 v2 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |


Stylistic Features

  hapaxlegomena: épašgḗ, "from that time on"; ewai’ŭ, "to be the cause of something"; giǧíc, "to fade in power"; henį̄́gú, "to bring here"; hiratážakerēhíkīní, "lamp oil"; hašékāroho, "to get ready"; hiratážakerēhíkīnį́, "lamp oil, kerosene"; hotará, "what is left"; k’ārēsgē, an exclamation, trs. as "I won't do it," but see k’arésgexjį, "damnation"; ną́b, "the open hand"; wągiruxáj, "to offer, present" (as an open hand); warasgḗp, "to drink up"; wazį́jahį̄, "something else"; žegŭą, "thus."
  rare words: ǧíc, "to fade, disappear" (found only in Marino); higų̄́į̄, "now then".

 

α β γ ε ɜ ζ ϑ λ
égi éja -giži ésge -šaną -xjį -ižą žesge

τ ρ 𝜑 ω ·נ
že(gų) anąga hąké žigé nųnįge -že, -še

- | 𝄑 ·| ⨪̊ >
-ra -ną -regi -nįk, -nįge -kjé -nąk -nǫk (?) -gają

 


Nota Bene: where diacritical marks were unclear or ambiguous, they have been omitted.

Notebook 64:1*    
[α] waigaírecônú[|] pedjᴇniratcgôⁿ´na ’uⁿ[ζ´]ṇecônú[|]
Égi waigaírešōnúną, pejᵉniracgǭ́na ’ųxjį́nešōnúną.
[And] they said to me drinking of liquor they did very  much.

* the first word is actually wa-īñ´ginaⁿbirecônu´[|] | (= wa-į̄́ginąbirešōnúną"), "they offered thanks on my behalf". Connected to this word by an arrow is the following, written above the line: "This is last word of published autobiography". Written above this, in the center of the page, the translator has written, "From this point on below not been published". Below this, at the very center, is "B. R. 1." At the top left corner is written "39", and below this is, "What is This?" below which is the date 25/1/’47.


 

dj[ρ] mañkánixêdê[-] dj[ρ] mañkaⁿ’ŭⁿtciroy[β´]
Janąga mąką́nixētēra, janąga Mąką’ų̆ciroyejá,
[All] [Medicine Rite men,] [as many as] [at the Medicine Rite Lodge,]

 


 

ŭañ´ka hanaⁿ´tcîñ[ζ] waratcgaiṇecônú[|] hodacgê´
’ŭą́ka, haną́cį̄xjį, waracgainešōnúną. Hotašgḗ
[the ones doing,] [all of them,] they all drank. Some of them

 


 

djá[𝄑] horâ´k ’úinecônú[|] [α] jéji
jánįge, horā́k, ’úinešōnúną. Égi žéži
they were drunk, [it can be said,] when they went in. [Then] [indeed]

 


 

mañkáni xêdé[ϑ] heregê´ [ε] hañki[ϑ´]
mąkáni xēdéžą heregḗ Ésge hąkižą́
[medicine] [a great] [there was.] [Therefore] not anyone

 


 

wajîⁿ´ganîⁿ´[·|´]jê [ε] djánîñg[ρ] hidjá ’ûⁿ´dje[|]
wažį̄ganį̄kjánažē. Ésge jánį̄ganąga hijá ’ų̄́jeną.
that can say anything. [Therefore] he is drunk, but there he is.

 


 

[α] hahí hicgê´ ’ûⁿ´naîñgi-íṇe[|] naⁿná’ŭañ[·|´]
Égi hahí hišgḗ ’ų̄́naį̄gi-íneną. "Nąná’ŭąkjé,
[Then] [I went there] [and] they tried to make me. "You're going to sing,

 


 

honaⁿ’ųañ´gipîⁿ hik’únê hîñgaír[ρ] pedjᴇni ratcgaⁿ´
honą’ųą́gipį̄, hik’únē," hį̄gaíranąga pejᵉni racgą́
you use your gift,* do it," [I was told, and] [whiskey] [to drink]

* the translation adds, "of singing".


 

hîⁿcírecônú[|] [𝜑]iá ’unicônú[|] hirat’ê´t’e[·|]gi
hįšírešōnúną. Hąkiá ’unišōnúną. "Hirat’ḗt’ekjegi,
they asked me to. [Not once] I didn't use to do it. "If you are to make a speech,

 


 

hît’et’égi p‘îⁿ kik’únê hîñgaírecônú[|]
hīt’et’égi p’į̄, kik’únē," hį̄gaírešōnúną.
if the speech good, [you make for yourself,"] [they would always tell me.]

 


higûⁿ´ [τ]gûñkdjé[|] k‘ârêsgê [λ] ha[>´] hit’êt’éra
"Higų̄́ žegų̄kjéną. k’ārēsgē,† žesge hagí, hit’ēt’éra
"[Now] let it go.* I won't do it, [that kind] if I do it, [the speech]

* the translation adds, "(he refuses)".
cf. k’arésgexjį, "damnation!" also used by Jasper Blowsnake.


 

hawin´tc* haígêcgê hagâré[ϑ] [ω] x’okiátcab[-]‡ hicgê´
hawį́c haígēšgē." Hagāréžą žigé x’okiácabᵉra hišgḗ
[to overdo it] [I might do."]† [Finally] again my leader also

* the /n/ here should have been superscripted (ⁿ).
hawį́c haígēšgē is translated as, "I may make mistakes".
‡ the mark before the dash is uncertain.


 

é[|] kunú  hisgé ratcgáṇê wakikúruc’ák[ɜ]
éną, "Kunú, hisgé racgánē wakikúruš’ákšaną.
[he said,] "Kunú, [truly] drinks I am tired out.

 


 

né[ɜ] haⁿhé dêê c’ûñ[·|]´[|] eañkê
Néšaną hąhé tēē š’ųkjanéną. Eąkē
You yourself [night] [this] you will do it. So not

 


  Notebook 64:2      
nûwaⁿ´gᴇni c’ûñkdjé[|] hîñgé[|] higûⁿ [τ]gûñkdjé[|]
nūwą́gᵉni š’ų̄kjéną," hį̄géną. Higų̄ žegų̄kjéną,
to be bashful* you will not be," [he said to me.] [Yet] I refused,

* "bashful" is written above "afraid".
† the number 40 is written in the upper left corner of the page, and "2" is written slightly below at the center of the page.


 

y‘agé[|] higúⁿ híṇa pedjᴇni git’uṇaíṇe[-]
y’agéną. Higų́ hína. Pejᵉni git’unaínera.
[I told him.] [Then] I gave in. [Whiskey] they offered me.

 


 

pêγ* kísag[-] nûⁿpíwi dewani’ûⁿṇê waworákixêde[-]
"Pēǧ kísagᵉra nų̄píwi tewani’ų̄nē. Waworákixētera
"[Bottle] [the middle] [two] this you take along. The ones you love

* this follows after pêtc.


 

wawírakaraginaⁿgîⁿ´ c’ûñkdje[|] hîñgé[|] wâdúz[ρ]
wawírakaraginągį̄́ š’ų̄kjeną," hįgéną. Wātúzanąga
to teach them as they go along [you do]," [he said to me.] I took them, and

 


 

[λ] há[|] [>]. wawókixêdê[-]
žesge háną, gają. Wawókixētēra
[that kind] [I did,] [.] I loved them

 


 

wawagá[|] djagú hiṇak‘áragiwi[ρ´] [𝜑] caratcgô´ni
wawagáną. "Jagú hinakáragiwiánąga hąké šaracgṓni,"
I gave them. "[How] you have treated us, and [not] you haven't drunk,"*

* "haven't drunk" is written above "should drink".


 

hîñgaíre[|] higûⁿ´ tcowê´[ζ][𝄑] ha’ūñkdjê´ y‘aré[|]
hį̄gaíreną. "Higų̄́ cowḗxjįnįk ha’ų̄kjḗ y’aréną."
[I was told]. "[Then] [just a little] I will do it, [I think]."

 


 

ep‘á wadatcgô´na* hadjí mañk‘áni
Ep’á watacgṓną. Hají, Mąkáni
[From that time on] I drank. At the present time, [Medicine Rite]

* this word should probably have ended with /aⁿ/.


 

x’okêátcab[-] [β] wagidê´ hatcí[|] hainîgá
x’okēácabᵉra éja wagitḗ hacíną. Hainīgá
my [leader] [there] I helped him I stayed. In the morning

 


 

hakikáwa’ûñgá pedjᴇní[-] nîⁿwirátcgaⁿ hoi[ζ] hûñk’ûⁿ´conú[|]
hakikáwa’ų̄gá, pejᵉníra nį̄wirácgą hoixjį́ hų̄k’ų̄́šonúną.
when I got up, [whiskey] dipper full he used to give to me.

 


 

daídjanîñ´kdjîñga [α] wadádecônú[|] hoxdj[ρ´] hakíriga
Taijanį̄́kjį̄ga, égi watátešōnúną. Hoxjaną́ga, hakíriga,
When I was real drunk, [then] I went to work. In the evening, when I came back,

 


 

hínitcgê rakírigúni hîñg[ρ´] djadjîṇédjaⁿ co
hínicgē, rakírigúni hį̄gánąga jajīnéją šo
"You're too tired, you must come back," he said to me, and [right away] [he spit]

 


 

pedjᴇni ratcgô´na ha’ûⁿ´wicônú[|] daídjonîñ´kdjîñwiga* [α]
pejᵉni racgṓna ha’ų̄́wišōnúną. Taíjonį̄́kjį̄wiga, égi
[whiskey] [the drinks] we used. When we were really drunk, [then]

* the second /ñ/ should have been /ⁿ/.


 

hanaⁿ´wicônú[|] hoicî´pdjîⁿ je[τ] hîñgigí[|] hadjia’ŭaⁿ´dja’ûⁿ
haną́wišōnúną. Hoicī́pjį̄ žežegų hį̄gigíną. Hajia’ŭą́ja’ų̄;
we would go to sleep. [All the time] that way he treated me. Thus I was doing;

 


Notebook 64:3        
peejᴇnína* jenaⁿ´hawi[-´] [ω] rohañ´[ζ] ruwi[ρ´]
pējᵉnína ženą́hawirá. Žigé rohą́xjį ruwiánąga
[whiskey] we didn't have anymore. [Again] [a great many] [we bought, and]

* is the double /e/ meant to indicate vowel length, or is it a slip of the pen?


 

jêê ya’ûⁿ´wi[|] jédja pedjᴇnína úmañk
žēē ya’ų̄́winą. Žéja pejᵉnína úmąk
[these] that we used. Then [whiskey] to get in the habit of

 


 

wí[|] maⁿ’úṇa [β´] hagikdjê´ ruágŭaⁿnihéra
wíną. Mą’ų́na éja hagikjḗ ruágŭąnihéra,
he made me. [God]* [there] to get back I want to,

* literally, "Earthmaker".


 

wâⁿkíkunúni wí[|] ép‘acgê´ mañk‘áni wajīⁿ´perêz
wą̄kíkunúni wíną. Épašgḗ Mąkáni wažį̄́perēz
to forget it he made me. From that time on, Medicine Rite* knowledge [of it]

* the translation has, "medicine men."


 

híranañ´kik’íṇa ép‘a wayáksí[|] tcekdjína hinûñgí[ϑ]
híraną́kikína, ép’a wayáksíną. Cekjína, hinų̄gií[žą]
I thought I had, [but thereafter] I was a drunkard. [To begin with,] a woman

 


 

hakô´nuñg[-] t’é[|] nîñkdjôñ´gᴇnîñgra mpíwi haniná
hakṓnųgᵉra, t’éną. Nį̄kjǭ́gᵉnį̄gᵉra nųpíwi haniná,
[whom] I married, she died. [The children] [two] I had,

 


 

hinûⁿ´wîñkê t’aíre[|] [α] jê´ê jegŭaⁿ wániké[|]
hinų̄́wį̄kē t’aíreną. Égi žḗē, žegŭą wánikéną,
both of them they died. [And] [these,] thus I had been,

 


 

hitcáwoñgit’é[-] maⁿdjobô´ha wa-iaⁿkeré[|] maⁿ´djobô´haⁿ waícîbra
hicáwǫgit'éra. Mąjobṓhą wa-iąkeréną. Mą́jobṓhą waíšībᵉra,
to be a widower. Four years I was in sorrow. Four years I went through,

 


 

[α] [ω] hinûñ´gakánañk[ɜ´] nîñkdjôñ´gᴇnîñg[-] daniánina
égi žigé hinų̄́gakánąkšáną. Nį̄kjǭ́gᵉnį̄gᵉra taniánina
then again I got married. [The children] three

 


 

mpíwi t’awí[|] [α] [ω] x’oté[-] t’é[|] t‘e[>´] ne
nųpíwi t’awíną. Égi žigé x’otéra t’éną. T’egáją, ne
two of them they died. [Then] [again] their parent [she died.] After she died, me

 


 

t’ehirairadjiré[|] [α] [β] mañkáuṇa ducdjâ´na*
t’ehirairajiréną. Égi éja Mąkáuna tušjā́ną.
they blamed me for her death. [Then] [there] the Medicine Dance I quit.

* this word probably should have ended with /aⁿ/.


 

hak‘ê´wêwîñ´[>] mañkaⁿ´ŭañgᴇre ewai’ŭañ´k[२] yaré[|]
Hakḗwēwį̄́gają, Mąką́ŭągᵉre ewai’ŭą́kše, yaréną.
When I think of it, the Medicine affair as it is going on, it is the cause of it, [I think].

 


 

[α] [ω] wagigâ´[-] winûⁿ´piwi haniaⁿ’unaⁿ.
Égi žigé wagigā́ra winų̄́piwi hanią’uną.
[Then] [again] the feast two of them* together I took care of.

* the translation adds, "(Med. + Feast)".


      Notebook 64:4*  
jêê´ [X]o-îⁿ´[ϑ] here[२´] aíregê [𝜑]
Žēḗ wąkšigo-į̄́žą herežé, aíregē, hąké
[These] [a life] [they were,,] [so they said, but] [not]

* at the upper right corner is "42", and at the top center is "4"; just below and to the right is written, "wagigo k‘é = I give feast often".


 

nîñgê´ [X]o-îⁿ wajaiⁿ´ yapérêgᴇní[|] [𝜑] wágigo
nį̄gḗ wąkšigo-į́ wažaį́ yapérēgᵉniną. Hąké wágigo
[a bit] [life] anything I did not find. [Not] to feast

 


 

k‘ani[ρ´] [𝜑] mañká’ûⁿnîñ´gi nîñkdjôñ´k hitcu[ρ´]
kaniánąga hąké Mąká’ų̄nį̄́gi, nį̄kjǭ́k hicuánąga
not very often, and [not] if I didn't join the Medicine, [children] I'd have lots, and

 


 

[𝜑] nûⁿbáhaⁿ hîⁿtcawî´ñgit’áni[|] wocgâⁿ´ jêê
hąké nų̄báhą hį̄cawį̄́git’ániną. Wošgą̄́ žēē
[not] the second time I wouldn't have lost my wife. [Rite] [this]

 


 

éwai’uíṇegê hocicî´gowê´[-] hixêdê[ζ´] [𝜑] ducdjánîgi
éwai’uínegē, hošišī́gowḗra hixētēxjį́ hąké tušjánīgi
it is the cause of it, to the bad very much [not] if I didn't quit

 


 

wagigâ´[-] mañkaⁿ´’uṇa ṇe[ζ´] naiⁿ´ji tcanâ´na*
wagigā́ra. Mąką́’una nexjį́ naį́ži canā́ną.
the feast. [Doing the Medicine Rite] myself about this time I'd be lead.

* this word should probably have been tcanâ´naⁿ.


 

[α] mañkáni xêdê [⨪́]rê wak‘aⁿ´wañx
Égi mąkáni xētē ną́gᵉrē waką́wąx,
[And] [medicine men] [great] [the ones who] poisons,

 


 

hoicî´bᴇnañk[>] wakaⁿ´wañx hicírecônú[|] [𝜑]ága ha’uní[|]
hoišī́bᵉnąkają waką́wąx hišírešōnúną. Hąkága ha’uníną.
all the time to poison they used to tell us to. Never I did not do it.

 


 

[X]ᴇri[ϑ´] wajîⁿ´t’ehi rutc hagigi[ᴗ´] t’ekdjê´
Wąkšigᵉrižą́ wažį̄́t’ehi ruc hagigirégi, t’ekjḗ.
Some human [something that causes death]* to eat if I made him, he would die.

* the translation has here, "[some poison]".


 

mé[λ] hiñgaírêcô´nu [·נ´] [𝜑]aga ha’uní[|]
Méžesge hįgaírēšų́nu, nųnįgé hąkaga ha’uníną.
[For this reason] [they used to call me,] [but] [never] I did not do it.

 


 

mañkániṇa hi[ϑ] wa[ϑ´] yagipérêz naⁿ´îñga
Mąkánina hižą wažą́ yagipérēz, ną́į̄ga
[Medicine men [one of them] something I know,* if I tried

* the translation has, "to know".


 

wa[ϑ´]ni[ϑ] tcekdjína hûñgirágirêgi wikaⁿ´wañγa hi[ϑ´]
wažą́nižą, cekjína hų̄girágirēgi wiką́wąǧa hižą́
[something,] [the first thing] they would tell me some poison [one]

 


 

hûñgirágiranâ´na hahióradjê wôgánañgrê [λ]
hų̄girágiranā́na, "hahiórajē" wōgánągrē, žesge
they would tell me, "traveling at night" so they call them, [that kind]

 


 

hûñk’úṇaⁿiⁿnucônú[|] wairé[|] tceg[β´] haⁿhióradje’únañka
hų̄k’únąįnušōnúną, wairéną. Cegéja hąhióraje’únąka,
they tried to give to me, they said. [At first] they're doing night traveling,

 


 

hagâré[ϑ] tcegagûⁿz[β´] haⁿhiónadjê hi’úiṇêga
hagāréžą, cegagųzéja, hąhiónajē hi’úinēga,
[at that time,] when they first thought of it, [night travel] when they did,

 


 

honaⁿ´ djobô´haⁿ jêdjaiñ´[ζ] acgê´[ζ][𝄑] tcáwegi’úîṇes’á[२]
honą́ jobṓhą žējaį́xjį, ašgḗxjįnįge cáwegi’úīnes’áže.
nights distance four that far, very near they would travel.*

* on the verso of this page, Radin says, "They would travel 4 nights distance in a short time as though it was not far at all."


Notebook 64:5*    
cûñk k‘îⁿṇ[ρ´] hūⁿtc k‘îⁿṇ[ρ´]
Šųk kį̄nánąga hų̄c kį̄nánąga
Dog they transformed themselves into, and bear they transformed themselves into, and

* in the upper left corner is the number 43. At the top of the page is written: "i.e. The other night travellers would be afraid of the one you have. Therefore, your medicine would be more powerful than theirs." This is connected to a spot below by an arrow.


 

[α] [ω] kerêdjûⁿ´sêp hik’úîṇ[ρ´] [α] [ω]
égi žigé kerējų̄́sēp hik’úīnánąga égi žigé
then again blackhawk they used, and then again

 


 

naⁿnaworácocôp‘gê hi’úîṇ[ρ´] [α] [ω] haⁿp‘ô´k‘
nąnaworášošōpgē hi’úīnánąga égi žigé hąpṓk,
[night bird]* they used, and then again owl,

* written above this word is "sparrow?".


 

zizíkê wanañγí jénûñga k‘iⁿruxúrûgéránaⁿ[२]
zizikē, wanąǧí, žénų̄ga kįruxúrūgéránąže.
turkey, ghost, this many they could transform themselves into.

 


 

dé[λ] hûñgirágiré[|] [·נ] hagâré[ϑ] [λ]
Téžesge hų̄girágiréną, nųnįge hagāréžą, žesge
[This] what they told me, [but] [at that time,] [that kind]

 


 

hê´aⁿdjíre[|] dê´[τ]ṇegi [𝜑] [λ]
hḗąjíreną. Tḗžegųnegi hąké žesge
they had _ _. At the present time [not] [that kind]

 


 

hiⁿ’úⁿîⁿruxúrûgwî´ni[·נ´] tcíraká[-] warup‘îⁿ´ hiregê´
hį’ų́į̄ruxúrūgwī́ninųnįgé círakára warupį́ hiregḗ,
we can't do anything like that, but good housekeeper experienced one they are,

 


 

tciáp‘ê ragíginâ´na* haⁿhióradjê´ hi-ú[⨪]a
ciápē ragíginā́ną. Hąhiórajḗ hi-únąka
housekeeper you'll make him. Made for night transiting what they use

* this word should have terminated in /aⁿ/.


 

sûñk[β´] rakô´nôñkcô´nôñki haⁿhé[ᴗ] ranacánañkícgê [𝜑]
sų̄kéja rakṓnǭkšṓnǭki, hąhéregi ranašánąkíšgē, hąké
at back of if you have it there, at night if you were sleeping, [not]

 


 

hahióradjé[-] hi[ϑ´] honiwáninâ´na* hahióradjê
hahiórajéra hižą́ honiwáninā́ną. Hahiórajē
[the night walkers] [one] they won't come around you. [Night walkers]

* this word should have ended with /aⁿ/.


hacî´nicô´[⨪̊]a nañkå´wairekdjôné[|]† dé[λ] hîñgaírêcônú[|]
hašī́nišṓnǫka nąkā́wairekjōnéną. Téžesge hį̄gaírēšōnúną,
the one you have* they'd be afraid of. This kind they used to say,

* connected here from the top of the page by an arrow: "i.e. The other night travellers would be afraid of the one you have. That is, your medicine would be more powerful than theirs."
† what /å/ represents is undefined.


 

hahióradjuⁿ´[⨪̊]a mañká’uṇa t’á[⨪][२] aír[ρ´] ret’úgᴇ[⨪̊]a
"Hahiórajų́nǫka Mąká’una t’ánąkše," aíraną́ga ret’úgᵉnǫka
["These night walkers] Medicine Dance they are dying," [they said, and] they are liars

 


 

higûⁿ´ îⁿkisgé[|] haⁿhiónadjê ā´[⨪]a wânañk[ɜ]
higų̄́, "Į̄kisgéną, hąhiónajē," ā́nąka, wānąkšaną.
but, "They are not like that,* [night walkers,"] [he said,] [they are saying].

* the following near the bottom of the page is connected here by a line: "(i.e., they are not true (Med. b_____)".


 

mañká’ûⁿ[⨪´]rê tceg[β´]ji t’ek‘îñ´[ζ]nes’a[२] hisgê[ζ]
"Mąká’ų̄ną́gᵉrē cegejáži t’ekį̄́xjįnes’aže. Hisgēxjį
"The Medicine Rite men in the first time they really killed each other. [Really]

 


 

wa’úîṇes’á[२] ā´[⨪]a hosgê´ wá[⨪][ɜ] djesgáka
wa’úīnes’áže," ā́nąka. Hosgḗ wánąkšaną. Jesgáka
[they would do it,"] [he said.] Not the truth they are saying. The way it is

 


      Notebook 64:6*
hoicî´p jesgá nihé[|] [·נ] wá[⨪][ɜ]
Hoišī́p žesgá nihéną, nųnįge wánąkšaną.
All the time [thus] it has been, [but] [they are saying it.]

* at the top left corner is written "44". At the center top of the page is a long statement connected by a line to a word below. Beneath this at the center of the top of the page is "6."


 

hosgê´ djagú air[ρ´] ret’ûⁿ´k xêdê[ζ´]
Hosgḗ jagú airánąga ret’ų̄́k xētēxjį́
[Not the truth] [what] they said, and to lie they did very much

 


 

airanåñgi herecgúniga [λ´] wagigígê wá[⨪][ɜ]
airanągi, Herešgúniga žesgé wagigígē wánąkšaną,
if they say it, Devil [that kind] he made for them [they are saying it,]

 


 

haⁿhióradjê ă´[⨪]a higûⁿ´îⁿ kisgé[|] tceg[β´]
Hąhiórajē ắ́nąka, "Higų̄́į̄, kisgéną: cegéja
[Night walker] [he said,] ["Well then,] [it is like:] [at first]

 


hisgê[ζ´]ną̆* haⁿhióradjuⁿ´[⨪]re hūⁿtc k‘ir[ρ´] giγídjirega‡
hisgēxjį́ną̆ hahiórajų́nągᵉre hų̄c kiránąga† giǧíjirega,
[really] [these night walkers] bear turning into, and with faded powers,

* the diacritics of the /a/ are doubtful.
† in all other instances, the word ki is rendered as kį.
‡ from the top of the page, the following is connected here by a line: "⎷ γítc = to fade, disappear. [when a man transformed himself into a bear etc after awhile his powers would fade & then he would have to transform himself into another animal. The powers give out.]


 

[ω] wajiⁿ´djahîⁿ hik’úîⁿṇ[ρ´] howê´ ’ûⁿ[⨪´][२]
žigé wazį́jahį̄ hik’úį̄nánąga howḗ ’ų̄ną́kše.
[again] something else they use, and going they are.

 


 

cûñk k‘îⁿṇ[ρ´] [ω] wanîñk
Šų̄k kį̄nánąga žigé wanį̄k
[Dog] [they transformed themselves into, and] [again] [bird]

 


 

k‘îⁿṇ[ρ´] howé t’āī´ṇes’á[२] tceg[β´]ji hisgê[ζ´]
kį̄nánąga howé t’āī́nes’áže. Cegéjaži hisgēxjį́
they transformed themselves into, and away they would fly. In the beginning [really]

 


 

mé[λ] hiranihé[|] dê´[τ]ṇêgí [𝜑] [λ]
méžesge hiranihéną. Tḗžegų́nēgí hąké žesge
[this] they have been doing. At the present time [not] [that kind]

 


 

ruxúrûgēninâñgᴇ[·נ] tceg[β´] hisgê[ζ´] [λ] hiré[|]
ruxúrūgēniną̄gᵉnųnįge cegéja hisgēxjį́ žesge hiréną.
they can't do anything, but [at first] [really] [that kind] they were.

 


 

[ε] higûⁿ´ wakaⁿtcañ´gᴇ[⨪][ɜ] aíre[-] hosgê´
Ésge higų̄́ wakącą́gᵉnąkšaną, aírera. Hosgḗ
[Therefore] [still] they are holy, [they are saying]. [Not the truth]

 


 

djagu air[ρ] ret’ûñ´gᴇra rokô´nô[ζ] wairanañ´gi
jagu airanąga ret’ų̄́gᵉra rokṓnōxjį wairaną́gi,
[what] [they said, and] [to lie] [it was very much] they would tell,*

* this translation is underline twice.


    Notebook 64:7*  
[λ] wanañ´k[ɜ] hagâré[ϑ] wa’ú[|]
žesge waną́kšaną. Hagāréžą, wa’úną.
[that sort] they are saying. [Finally,] he did (it).

* the center top of the page reads, "Whiskey Making" and is followed by a cursive scribble that looks like "Rum."


 

maⁿtcó-ihaⁿdé[ϑ] wa’ûⁿ´djegê pédjᴇni ’unaⁿ´[२]
Mącó-ihątéžą wa’ų̄́jegē, péjᵉni ’uną́že,
A man who dreams of grizzly bears he is, whiskey he could make,

 


 

é[|] hagâré[ϑ] x‘íγᴇnañ´k’ûⁿ*
éną. Hagāréžą, xiǧᵉną́k’ų̄,
he said. [In time,] they thought he was a wonder,

* this word is preceeded by xiγi.


 

nāñxgú[|] wakaⁿtcåñ´k[>] hisgê´[ζ] hi[ϑ´]
ną̄xgúną. Wakącą́kają, hisgḗxjį hižą́
I heard. He was holy, but [really] [one]

 


 

kibáhigi pedjᴇnína hisgê´ ’unaⁿ´[२] erá
kibáhigi pejᵉnína hisgḗ ’uną́že. Erá
he who doubts whiskey some he could make. He had said

 


 

wakaⁿtcañ´kdje[-] hiⁿpérêz haⁿdjaⁿ´wîñ[>] djagú wokíba[-]
wakącą́kjera, hįpérēz hąją́wį̄gają, jagú wokíbara
holy he is, we all know [we have seen,]* [how] doubting

* the translation is difficult to decipher.


 

hí[ϑ] hëregí kibaiⁿhiⁿwínaⁿ[२] hí[ϑ´] kibaihíwigadjaⁿcgê´
hížą heregí, kibaįhįwínąže. Hížą́ kibaihíwigająšgḗ,
[one] if it will be, we would doubt. [One] if he would happen to doubt it,

 


 

wak‘aⁿtcañ´k wa’ûⁿ´dje[-] maⁿtcóidja naⁿ´b wañgiruxádj*
wakącą́k wa’ų̄́jera, mącóija, ną́b wągiruxáj
holy he is, in his standing, from the grizzly bear, his open hand he offered

* at the end of the word, djaⁿ is scribbled out and hijaⁿ´ written above it.


 

hijaⁿ´ wa’ûⁿ´dje[>´] úcgê k‘ibá gigípini[>´]*
hižą́ wa’ų̄́jegáją, úsgē, kibá gigípinigáją?
[one] he has, and, well, to doubt has one a right?

* at the bottom of the page, Radin offers an exegesis, "[There is no reason why we shouldn't believe him.]" Also at the lower right corner of the text we have "p. 217".


  Notebook 64:8*      
kibaíhiwícgê wakaⁿtcañ´kdje[-] [𝜑] hîñkísgawinina[ⁿ]† djagú’ûⁿ
Kibaíhiwíšgē, wakącą́kjera, hąké hį̄kísgawininą. Jagú’ų̄
If we doubt him, he is holy, [not] we are not like he is. Why

* this page is duplicated by the next in sequence (page 8 v. 2). The first version has dark lettering and smudges in the lower right corner, whereas the second version of this page has lighter lettering with very little smudging. At the upper left of the page is the numbe 26, and above it and to the right is either /2/ or /9/ or /?/ in smaller handwriting.
† this word should probably have terminated in /ⁿ/.


 

kibaígigíwinaⁿ[२] ’unañgê wadje[>´] dêéji [𝜑]
kibaígigíwinąže? ’Unągē, wajegáją. Tēéži, hąké
we should doubt him? He could do it, that's why he says it. As for me, not

 


 

kibágigi duxúrûgᴇninaⁿ aíre[|] hagêré[ϑ] ųañgí[ϑ]
kibágigi tuxúrūgᵉniną Aíreną, hagēréžą wągížą
to doubt it I am unable. [It is said], at one time [a man]

 


 

hakíju[ρ´] [α] [ω] ŭañkwákaⁿtcañ´kdjega
hakížuánąga égi žigé wąkwákącą́kjega
picked him up as a companion, and then again the holy man

 


 

hijaíîⁿsuñk‘í[-] wikídani mówe hikiwaraíre[२] hacékârohoí[ᴗ]
hižaíį̄́sųkíra, wikítani mówe hikiwaraíreže. Hašékārohoíregi
one his br[others], three of them on foot they went traveling. They got ready

 


 

uañkwákaⁿtcañ´kdjega kinûⁿ´b[-] pédjᴇni ninokíju [?] gigire[२]
wąkwákącą́kjega kinų̄́bᵉra péjᵉni ninokížu [?]* gigireže.
the holy man the brother whiskey mixed with water they did for him.

* if this is the correct reading, it would seem to be from niṇą-hirokižu.


 

peγí[ϑ] [β]kí rúz[ρ´] ruj[ρ´] pedjᴇnína hokíwasik
Peǧížą ejakí rúzánąga ružánąga pejᵉnína hokíwasik
A bottle in there they took, and they washed, and [the whiskey] half full

 


 

[β´] hoju[ρ´] [α] niwirókijujê hinúwîñkê
éja hožuánąga égi niwirókižužē. Hinúwį̄kē
[there] he filled it, and then the other half with water. Both of them*

* the translation adds, "(bottle)".


 

waratcgáji pê´γᴇ[⨪]a hi[ϑ´] hiradájakerêhíkîniⁿ´ pônaⁿ[२´]
waracgáži pḗǧᵉnąka hižą́ hiratážakerēhíkīnį́ pōnąžé.
he tasted them these bottles one lamp oil it smelled/tasted.

 


 

hi[ϑ]jí [𝜑] wa[ϑ´] ’uní[२] [α]
hižąží hąké wažą́ ’uníže. Égi
One of them or other [not] [something] is the matter with. Then

 


 

hahú-ire[२] pex kísagᴇ[⨪´]a hinûⁿ´wîñkê warasgê´p* hire[२´]
hahú-ireže. Pex kisagᵉną́ka hinų̄́wįke warasgḗp hirežé.
they came. Half pint both of them to drink up they did.

* the first letter is a scribble. This is probably for kīrásgep (KAi L reKel), "to drink up all one's money" (Kingswan, Helmbrecht-Lehmann).


 

hicgê´ hisgê´ ratcgañ´k[२] waíre[२] peγ[-´]
Hišgḗ hisgḗ racgą́kše, waíreže. Peǧᵉrá
Also some he drank with him, they said. [The bottle]

 


    Notebook 64:9    
dêê´ hiruágᴇra heré[|] aíre[२] ret’ûñ´gire[-]
tēḗ hiruágᵉra heréną," aíreže. Ret’ų̄́girera
this the last* [it is,"] [they said.] They lied about it

* the reading is from page 8 v2.
† at the top center of the page is the number 3. 


 

hipérezcê´ p‘êx nîⁿwirókeja nihéra hi[ϑ´]
hipérezšḗ. P’ēx nį̄wirókeja nihéra, hižą́
he knew it. [Bottle] they mixed with water they had, one

 


 

hiradájakerêhíkîni pônánihé[-] k‘ení jêê´ ratcgaⁿ´ninogera
hiratážakerēhíkīni pōnánihéra k’ení žēḗ racgą́ninǫgᵉra
[lamp oil] it had tasted [before] [this] they haven't drunk it

 


 

hipérezcê´. djagú pë´γᴇrá hi[ϑ´] nûⁿxáwaⁿ t’aⁿbir[ρ´]
hipérezšḗ. Jagú pḗǧᵉrá hižą́ nų̄xáwą t’ąbiránąga
[he knew]. [How] the bottles one they were hiding it, and

 


 

[𝜑] hisgí’ûñk’úranî´kdjegê wánañkúni hire[२´]
hąké hisgí’ų̄k’úranī́kjegē wánąkúni hirežé.
[not] they don't want to give me any* [to say, they must have] [they did].

* the translation adds something which is difficult to read: "(of the ______ whiskey in".


 

[α] waíre[२] pedjᵉnína enaiñ[ζ´]na hisgê´
Égi waíreže, "Pejᵉnína enaįxjį́na hisgḗ
[Then] [they said,] "[The whiskey] I wish very much [some]

 


 

datcgaⁿjéjê aíre[२] uañ´gidjaⁿneáka we[२´] korá
tacgąžéžē," aíreže. Wą́gijąneáka wežé, "Korá,
I drink," [they said]. The other man he said, "[Exclamation]

 


 

[𝜑] wajó’ûⁿpini[>´] nicgê´ [wa]ruágᴇ[·נ]* [α]
hąké wažó’ų̄pinigáją, nišgḗ waruágᵉnųnįge," égi
[not] we can't do anything, myself I wish I had some," but [then]

* the brackets occur in the text.


 

xûnu ŭañk pedjᴇni nínokíju nihé[-] p‘ëx kísagiaⁿ
xūnu wąk pejᵉni nínokížu nihéra, p’ēx kísagią
the young man [whiskey] [together with water] [they had,] half a pint

 


 

hodará hipérezdiañ´k[ɜ] [·נ] ŭañk wakaⁿtcûñ´gôñka
hotará hipéreztią́kšaną, nųnįge wąk wakącų̄́gǭka
what is left he knows all about it, [but] [man] [the holy one]

 


 

hitcakâ´ro[-] hakarakíju wawí[२] "Hohó [wa]ruágunąⁿ*
hicakā́rora hakarakížu wawíže, "Hohó, [wa]ruáguną,"
his friend with him they said, "[Exclamation] I wish some,"

* the brackets occur in the text.


 

aíre[२] hinúwîñkê [α] ŭañk hidjaniañ´ka
aíreže, hinúwį̄kē, égi wąk hijanią́ka
[they said], both of them, [and] man the other one

 


 

wa’ûⁿ[२´] ŭañgᴇwákaⁿtcañ´kdjôñka* daniógijújê haⁿhaⁿ
wa’ų̄žé. Wągᵉwákącą́kjǭka taniógižúžē. "Hąhą,
[he did it.] [The holy man] he poured tobacco. [Exclamation,]

* an uncertain reading with respect to /kdj/.


 

                  Notebook 64:10*      
danióniñgíju[|] pedjᴇnína hisgê´ datcgaⁿ´jejê y‘aré[|]
taniónįgížuną. Pejᵉnína hisgḗ tacgą́žežē, y’aréną,"
tobacco I pour. Whiskey some I wished to drink, [I think,"]

* the top of the page is blank, without any page number.


 

higê´[२] é[२] mąnúsëreg[-]
higḗže. "Hó," éže, "Mąnúsēregᵉra
he said to him. [Exclamation,] [he said,] "Tear the earth open*

* this is put in brackets. An arrow is drawn past the next word to a drawing: ⨁.


 

hijaiⁿ´gi’ûⁿ´wîñgê [α´] peγ[-] hi[ϑ] nió[-]
hižaį́gi’ų̄́wį̄gē, égi peǧᵉra hižą nióra
make one for me, [and] [the bottles] [one] with water

 


 

najúi[ρ´] manúseregê´dja rakérekdjáwi[|] é[२] [α]
nažúiánąga mąnúseregḗja rakérekjáwiną," éže. Égi
you fill, and on the mound you place it," [he said]. Then

 


 

hotcîntcînî´ñkdjega ’ûⁿcíre[२] pedjᴇnína hisgé ṇaⁿtcgôñkdjáwi[|]
hocīncīnį̄́kjega ’ų̄šíreže. "Pejᵉnína hisgé rącgǭkjáwiną,"
the boy he asked him to do it. ["The whiskey] [some] let us drink,"

 


 

higaíre[२] [α] hotcîñtcîⁿ xônúdjega p‘ë´γomanaí[ϑ] hok’ûⁿ´huhíre[२]
higaíreže. Égi hocį̄cį̄ xōnújega pḗǧomanaížą hok’ų̄́huhíreže.
[he said]. Then the younger man an empty bottle it was handed to him.

 


 

déniô´jugê hidjákerêrê´ higaíre[२] p‘êxdjegú horuxútc[>]
"Téniṓžugē, hijákerērḗ," higaíreže. Pēxjegú horuxúcgają,
"Put water in it, place it there," they told him. The bottle when he looked at it,

 


 

péxiê´dja nîñgê´ djaboré[२]. kiri[γ´] niná
péxiḗja nį̄gḗ jaboréže. Kirigáją, "Niná
the mouth of the bottle a piece it broke off. When he came, ["The water]

 


 

henî´ñgúrê hoduxŭítcawi[|] higaíre[२] [γ´] p‘ë´γ[-]
henį̄́gúrē, hotuxŭícawiną," higaíreže. Gáją pḗǧᵉra
bring it here, let's look at it," they told him. [Then] [the bottle]

 


 

wogárehí[२] nióju[ρ´] higaíre[|] hidjá kererê´
wogárehíže. Nióžuánąga higaíreną, "Hijá kererḗ,"
he handed to them. He filled it with water, and [they said to him,] ["There] [put it,"]

 


 

higaíre[२] horuxútc[>] p‘ëγ’í djabᴇrádjega [𝜑]
higaíreže. Horuxúcgają pēǧ’í jabᵉrájega, hąké
[they told him.] When [he looked,] the mouth of the bottle it was broken off, [not]

 


 

érêní[२] [·נ] iⁿdjákere[२´] [β´] redjaⁿ´
érēníže,* nųnįge įjákerežé.† Éja reją́
it was not the same, but he left it there.‡ [There] [it was gone]

* < hérēníže, the initial /h/ having been dropped from external sandhi.
† < hįjákerežé, the initial /h/ having been dropped from external sandhi.
‡ below this, Radin adds in braackets: "he paid no attention to the piece broken off."


      Notebook 64:11
hipéressê´ gicdjañkirekdjoné[-] p‘ëγ‘ijaⁿ -hí[ϑ]‡ wagi’úîṇe[-]
hipéresḗ.  gišjąkirekjonéra. pēǧižą - wagi’úīnera,
[he knew.] They were going to fool him.* A different bottle - they had used,

* the translation adds, "(the boy)."
† 29 is written in the upper left corner of the page.
‡ this is redundant.


 

[·נ] [τ] iⁿdjákere[२´] [α] jêdjûñ´ga maⁿtcó
nųnįge žegų įjákerežé.* Égi, žējų̄́ga, mącó
[but] [that way] he left it there. [And,] [now then,] [grizzly bear]

* < hįjákerežé, the initial /h/ having been dropped from external sandhi.


 

naⁿwaiṇ[ρ´] wacír[ρ] x’opk‘îⁿ´ṇe[२] p‘ê´xdjega [β´]
nąwairánąga wašíranąga xopkį̄́neže. Pḗxjega éja
they sang, and* [they danced, and] [they performed miracles.] The bottle [there]

* the translation has, "they began to sing".


 

kiridjer[ρ´] ruksûñksûⁿdjires’á[२] hagâré[ϑ] djobô´haⁿ ruksûⁿksûⁿ´djiregi
kirijeránąga ruksų̄ksų̄́jires’áže. Hagāréžą, jobṓhą ruksų̄ksų̄́jiregi,
they stood and they shook it.* [Finally,] [four times] [as they shook it,]

* the translation has, "they shook the bottle". 


 

[α] haⁿhaⁿ´ [τ] hawí[|] rúz[ρ] ratcgánanê higaíre[२]
égi, "Hąhą́, žegų hawíną. Rúzanąga racgánanē." higaíreže.
and, "[Exclamation,] [now] we're through. Take it, and drink it," [they said.]

 


 

hotcîⁿtcîⁿ´[𝄑]djega ruház[ρ] pedjᴇni niṇokíju nihé[-]
Hocį̄cį̄́nįgᵉjega ruházanąga pejᵉni ninokížu nihéra
[The boy] he opened it, and [whiskey] mixed with water that he had

 


 

ë herekdjô´ne[-] hipérezcê hiradájakerêhíkîni
ē herekjṓnera hipérezšē. Hiratážakerēhikīni
[it itself] it will be he knew it. [Lamp oil]

 


 

pônañkdjô´ne[-] hipérêzdi[ρ´] ratcgá[२] [>] howaré[-]
pōnąkjṓnera hipérēztiánąga racgáže. Gają howaréra
it was going to taste he knew all about it, and he tasted. [So] [sure enough]

 


 

ére[२] hiradájakerehíkîni pônajê´ korá
éreže.* Hiratážakerehíkīni pōnažḗ. "Korá,
it was it. [Lamp oil] [it tasted.] "[Exclamation]

* < héreže, the initial /h/ having been dropped from external sandhi.


 

p‘iⁿ´ṇá[·נ´] pedjᴇnî´[ζ][>´] eji hiradájakerehíkîni
pį́nánųnįgé pejᵉnī́xjįgáją, eži, Hiratážakerehíkīni
it may have been good, but it is real whiskey, indeed,* [Lamp oil]

* the translation has "indeed". However, "but" is more common and a better fit for this context. 


 

pônâṇê´ [𝜑] p‘íni[>´] hiradájakerehíkîni
pōnānḗ. Hąké pínigáją, hiratážakerehíkīni,
[it tasted.] [Not] it is not good, and [Lamp oil,]

 


 

c’ûxcgê´ curuxúrukcguní[|] pedjᴇni c’ûⁿṇurecgê
š’ūxšgḗ, šuruxúrukšguníną. Pejᵉni š’ų̄nurešgē
if you were to make it, you could do that too. [Whiskey] if you made although

 


hiradájakerehíkîni pôna[>´] aíre[२] ŭañg[-´] nûⁿpíwiwigí
hiratážakerehíkīni, pōnagáją," aíreže, wągᵉrá nų̄píwiwigi.
kerosene it tastes like," [they said,] [men] two of them.*

* written below this and connected to it by a line, is, "[they are ...?... holy man (or men)]".


Notebook 64:12*        
ŭañgí[ϑ] gicdjañkére[२] [·נ´] wipérezdîⁿ[२´] djasgê´
Wągížą gišjąkéreže, nųnįgé wipéreztį̄žé, jasgḗ
A man they tried to fool, [but] he knew it very well, the way

* at the upper left corner of the page, heavily blotted out, appears to be the number 30. At the center top of the page is written:

IV – The Medicine Dance
    44, 7
  1304 – 49, 4:)

 


 

hire[-] pedjᴇnídjega hadjaírekdjê ánañka [β]
hireną. Pejᵉníjega hajaírekjē, ánąka, éja
they did. The whiskey they that went to see,* they are saying, [there]

* written above "they looked at".


 

hikírutcaⁿ pedjᴇnína eajok’û´ rehir[ρ´] niná
hikírucą pejᵉnína eažok’ū́ rehiránąga niná
he changed [the whiskey] they left the contents in the bottle they did, and the water

 


 

hodahíre [𝜑] wakaⁿtcañ´k pedjᴇní hi’ûⁿ´
hotahíre, hąke wakącą́k pejᵉní hi’ų̄́
they kept, [not] by holiness [the whiskey] to make

 


 

wa’úinaní[|] woicdjoñkê ’ûⁿ´ wa’úiṇe[|] jê´ê
wa’úinaníną. Woišjǫkē ’ų̄́ wa’úineną. Žḗē
they didn't. To trick him [to do] they did.* [These]

* under ’ûⁿ´ wa’úiṇe[|], the translation has "they did" underlined twice.


 

jê´[λ] hire[|]
žḗžesge hireną.
that kind [they were].


Source:

Jasper Blowsnake, "Whiskey Making," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 64: 1-13.