Gallery of Hōcąk Artifacts

G a l l e r y

o f

H ō c ą k A r t i f a c t s

Tools

Glue

| Glue and Applicator |

Calendar Sticks

| A Calendar Stick from 1844 | A Calendar Stick |

Fire Starting Equipment

| Fire Board | Fire Drill |

Medical Devices

| A Cupping Horn |

Fans

| Fan, Obverse | Fan, Reverse |

Travel and Transportation

Communication

| Invitation/Message Sticks |

War

Hunting

Fishing

| An Iron Harpoon Point, Doty Island Site |

Culinary Ware

Containers

Cradles

| Cradleboard | An Ornamental Cradleboard | Cradleboard |

Baskets

| A Collection of Hōcąk Baskets | A Shopping Basket | A Miniature Basket | Baskets of Emma Big Bear | Three Baskets by Bernadine Tallmadge, 1983 |

Bags and Receptacles

| A Twined Medicine Bag, Obverse | A Twined Medicine Bag, Reverse | Charm Bag 1 | Charm Bag 2 | Charm Bag 3 | Charm Bag 4 | A Small Beaded Bag | A Birch Bark Receptacle | A Beaded Bag, Obverse | A Beaded Bag, Reverse | 1. Woven Bags | 2. Woven Bags | 3. Woven Bags | 4. Woven Bags | 5. Woven Bags | 6. Woven Bags | 7. Woven Bag | 8. Woven Bag with a String Handle | Openwork Woven Bags | Miscellaneous Bags | Paint Bag | A Woven Friendship Bag | 9. A Woven Bag | 10. A Woven Bag, Obverse | A Woven Bag, Reverse | 11. A Woven Bag | Bag (1) | Bag (2) | Bag (3) | Bag (4) | Bag (5) | Bag (6) | Bag (7) | Bag (8) | Bag (9) | Bag (10) | Bag (11) | Bag (12) | Bag (13) | Bag (14) | A Sewing Bag | A Fur Bag, 1913 | A Draw-String Bagg, 1913 | A Draw-String Bag, 1918 |

Pouches

| Fur Pouches | Beaded Tobacco Pouches |

Pottery

| Pottery Shards from the Doty Island Site |

Agriculture

| Husking Peg | Deer Jaw Husking Tool |

Whips

| Whips | Little Priest’s Quirt (with 6 Scalp Marks) |

Structures

Habitations

| An Oval Lodge | An Oval Lodge Frame | The Frame of a Medicine Rite Lodge | A Lodge Frame | The Frame and Interior of an Oval Lodge | A Diagram of How a Mat Lodge is Constructed | A Mat Covered Lodge | A Lodge of Reed Matting | A Lodge of Reed Matting | A Bark Lodge | Birch Bark Lodges | A Hōcąk Longhouse Lodge | A Hōcąk Bark Lodge | A Bark Lodge | A Lodge of Bark and Reed Matting | An Elm Bark Lodge with a Corn Drying Frame | Lodges Near Black River Falls | The Winnebago Medicine Dance Lodge | A Hōcąk Medicine Rite Encampment | The Medicine Rite Lodge | The Interior of a Hōcąk Medicine Rite Tent |

Grave Houses

| Grave Houses, 1887 | Funeral Huts | A Cemetery |

Frames

| A Frame for Tanning a Hide | Frame for Stringing Beads |

Mats

| Mat Made of Rushes and Cordage | A Mat | Mat Made of Cedar Bark |

Cordage

| Cordage | Twine |

Heddles

| Hook, Basket Material, and Heddle | A Beadwork Heddle | Heddles |

Clothing and Adornment

Sewing

| Mat Needle | A Bone Sewing Needle | A Needle Case | A Pin Cushion |

Clothing

Old Style Clothing | Roach | A Turban | The Snakeskin Turban of Wakąhaga | A Female Headband | A Woman’s Hair Ornament | A Female Hair Ornament | A Hair Wrapper and Tie | A Hair Tie | A Hair Wrapper | A Section of a Neck Band | A Child's Jacket | A Shirt | A Man's Shirt | Man's Shirt Yoke and Cuffs | Ceremonial Clothing | Woman's Ceremonial Shirt | A Vest (1) | A Vest (2) | A Vest Obverse | A Vest Reverse | An Ornamental Pectoral | Bands | A Leather Waist Band | A Strip/Band | Sash/Belt (1) | Sash/Belt (2) | Sash/Belt (3) | Sash/Belt (4) | Beaded Belts | Beaded Belt | Breechcloth (1) | Breechcloth (2) | Breechcloth (3) Obverse | Breechcloth (3) Reverse | Garters/Legbands 1 | Garters/Legbands 2 | Garters/Legbands 3 | Garters/Legbands 4 | Garters/Legbands 5 | Garters/Legbands 6 | Man's Leggings (1) | Man's Leggings (2) | Woman's Leggings | Decorative Moccasins (1) | Decorative Moccasins (2) | Girl's Moccasins | Woman's Moccasins | Decorative Moccasins (3) | Women's Moccasins | Decorative Moccasins (4) | Moccasins | Moccasin with Top Fringe and Beaded Band Decoration |

Adornments

| A Headdress Feather | A Feather Socket/Holder | A Bear Claw and Fur Necklace | The Same Kind of Claw Necklace on White Horse | Bear Claw Necklace | Glass and Shell Beads | Women Wearing Multiple Strands of Beads Metal Bands | Necklace of Bone & Beads | A Choker Necklace | Necklace & Earrings | Cloth Necklace | Black & White Cloth Necklace | Necklace of Deer Hooves | Necklace of Deer Hooves and Bells | Incised Bracelets and Disks | Armbands, 1870-1900 |

Medallions

| Washington Peace Medal & Necklace Obverse | Washington Peace Medal & Necklace Reverse |

Combs

| A Hair Comb | A Comb Affixed to the Hair of Hųwąnįka |

Ritual Objects

Medicine Bundles

| Medicine Bundle (1) | Medicine Bundle (2) |

Charms

| Love Charms | An Ermine Charm Amulet |

Wampum Belts

| Wampum Belt | The Denny Wampum Belt |

Pipes

Musical Instruments

Dance Accessories

| Dance Staff | Dance Wand |

Toys and Play Things

Games and Amusements

Tools

Tools and Bag, Acquired in 1923

Silver Smith's Toolkit, ca. 1911



Lawson, WT, Pl. 9		Lawson, WT, Pl. 7
Stone Celt, Doty Island Site		A Stone Axe and Stone Celts, Doty Island Site

Lawson, WT, Pl. 5

A Muller from the Doty Island Site

Lawson, WT, Pl. 9

An Implement Made of an Antler

BAE 37: Pl. 10

Implements of Bone



Daderot, Wisconsin Historical Museum		© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_26203
Bone Awls		Awl, Bark Cordage, and Bag, Acquired in 1909



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_25977	NMAI_111083	NMAI_151106
Hide Flesher Beamer, Acquired 1909	Hide Scraper, Acquired 1920	Hide Tanning Paddle, Obtained 1925



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_126786		NMAI_26024
Stone Scraper, Acquired 1923		A Whetstone and Case, Acquired 1909

Crooked Knife with a Dog Headed Handle, Acquired 1909

Glue

Glue and Applicator

Calendar Sticks



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_257399		NMAI_257398
A Calendar Stick From 1844		A Calendar Stick
Said to have been collected by Paul Logan in 1894 from an unnamed Winnebago man who said it had been in his family for fifty years; formerly in the collection of Indian art collector David T. Vernon (1900-1973); acquired by MAI in 1968 through an exchange with the Jackson Hole Preserve, Inc. (a foundation backed by the Rockefeller family), which purchased Vernon's entire collection in 1965.		Said to have been collected by Paul Logan in 1895 from an unnamed Winnebago man who said it had belonged to his mother; formerly in the collection of Indian art collector David T. Vernon (1900-1973); acquired by MAI in 1968 through an exchange with the Jackson Hole Preserve, Inc. (a foundation backed by the Rockefeller family), which purchased Vernon's entire collection in 1965.

Fire Starting Equipment



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_151595		NMAI_151594
A Fire Board, Acquired 1925		A Fire Drill, Acquired 1925

Medical Devices

A Cupping Horn Made of Cow Horn, Obtained in 1923

Fans



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_232115		NMAI_232115
Fan, Obverse, Acquired in 1951		Fan, Reverse

Travel and Transportation

A Canoe Paddle, 1908



BAE 37: Pl. 40
Snowshoes		Blackhawk’s Snowshoe



BAE 37: Pl. 30C		© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_26778
A Staff with Markings on It		A Walking Stick

A Trump Line of Buffalo Hide



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_11487		NMAI_24754
A Saddle Blanket, Acquired 1906		A Saddle Bag, Acquired in 1909

Communication

Invitation/Message Sticks

Donated by Oliver Lamere (1879-1930) to anthropologist Melvin R. Gilmore in 1923

War



BAE 37: Pl. 56b		BAE 37: Pl. 56a
The Thunderbird Warbundle		The Hawk Warbundle

BAE 37: Pl. 56a

A Warbundle Cover

BAE 37: Pl. 57

The Contents of the Thunderbird Clan Warbundle

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 46 (1914): 415 fig. 1

Thunderbird Clan Warbundle 1, E. W. Lender Collection, #2674—2701

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 46 (1914): 415 fig. 3

Thunderbird Clan Warbundle 3, E. W. Lender Collection, #2754 - 2792

Eduard Seler describes the contents of this Warbundle: the angularly bent wooden war club is accompanied by a ballheaded club (the Thunder club). Lance tips are as in the other two bundles. The black swallow-tailed kite seems to be represented here by the white, spotted falcon. The container from the skins of a deer fetus is also present here, likewise skunk and buffalo tail and snake skin, the otter’s pelts and the weasel. A nicely worked oval wooden bowl serves as a container for feathers.

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 46 (1914): 415 fig. 2

Thunderbird Clan Warbundle 2, E. W. Lender Collection, #2702—2753, 2902, 2903.

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 46 (1914): 416 fig. 4

Exterior Elements of Thunderbird Clan Warbundle 2

Left to right: a braided mat, a wooden flat club, a wooden standard surmounted by a bear, three war arrows, a binding cord, and a steel flat club. The clubs have lightning lines engraved on them.

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 46 (1914): 416 fig. 5

Contents of Thunderbird Clan Warbundle 2, Part 1

Left to right: two reed flutes, a fire drill consisting of a whirling stick and a broad basal piece. To the right of the base board are two knives for inserting into the curve of the war club, and two iron lance tips, tied together. A reed flute which is decorated with an engraved lightning line and tufts of red horsehair, (unidentified), a drum stick (over the dark stripe), and two more reed flutes.

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 46 (1914): 417 fig. 6

Contents of Thunderbird Clan Warbundle 2, Part 2

Left to right: Falcon feathers on a piece of buckskin. A pipe, below which are two eagle feather fans. A medicine whistle, whose head is made of red Catlinite, the tube is made of wood, carved flat, ruler-like and decorated with brass nails. 6. A small plate which serves as a holder for the headdress. Two eagle feathers, single and tufted, with porcupine quill embroidery and decorated with horsehair, downy feathers and rabbit fur. Falcon feathers on a piece of buckskin. Another bone plate (?) at the lower right.

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 46 (1914): 417 fig. 7

Contents of Thunderbird Clan Warbundle 2, Part 3

Seler’s (inadequate) description: skunk tail, buffalo tail, snake skin and deer tail; mole and otter, each with a buffalo bag, weasel with bound medicine bag and an embroidered bag with red horse hair. This is expanded thus: 7. A small bag decorated with pearl embroidery, containing a lock of buffalo hair, (bottom left). 10. Two skunk tails (left). 11. Two Buffalo Tails (right next to it). 12. A stag’s tail (in the middle of the right side). 13. Two serpents (right of the previous one). 14. A mole containing medicine, and a small bag of buffalo bladder as a container for it (in the middle below). 15. An otter with attached red feathers, holding two scalps in its mouth, and a buffalo bladder bag that serves as a container for them (right of the center). 16. Three weasels, wrapped in medicine bags and fastened with blue or red ribbons, one of which is woven from buffalo hair and decorated with "Hudson Bay" pearls (right side).

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 46 (1914): 418 fig. 8

Contents of Thunderbird Clan Warbundle 2, Part 4

Seler’s (inadequate) description: swallow-tailed kite and falcon, each with a sheath made of a deer’s pelt; hazel grouse; chest, head and claws of a golden eagle; pigeon hawk, sparrow hawk and other bird. This is expanded thus: 17. The pelt of a swallow-tailed kite (Nauclerus forficatus) is hung on red flannel and decorated with porcupine quills on the wings, with a container made from the skin of a deer fetus (in the middle). 18. A falcon pelt, with a container of the same species (left of the previous one, the corresponding deer fetus container on the right side of the picture). 19. A sparrow hawk pelt (below the previous ones). 20. Two pigeon hawks pelts (on the right side of the picture). 21. Two pelts of a small purple species ("purple merlin"), bottom center. 22. The head, chest and claws of the golden eagle with a medicine bag tied to it (to the right of the swallow-tailed kite’s pelt). 23. Pelt of a hazel grouse ("ruffed grouse" = Bonasa umbellus) (top left). 24. Pelt of a small water bird ("pied grebe bill"?) (bottom left).

BAE 37: Pl. 58

The Contents of the Hawk Clan Warbundle

Lowie, AMNH 4, 2 (1910)

"A tiny bow and arrows constituting war medicine in a bag made from a wolf’s tail" – Lowie

Object 62-15-1. Courtesy of the Penn Museum

An Unusual Lower Moiety Warclub, Reverse
[Enlarge]

Penn Commentary: "Antler. Large, smoothed, engraved club. The handle is 20 cm long and is made from the first tine of the antler (moose). The other two antler prongs were sawed off to make striking edges of the head. All but the sawed off edges have been polished. There are two holes drilled into the handle, probably to hold a hand strap. A square mirror is inset on the front face of the club head. It is held by eight small nails. At each end of the four corners of the inset there is a tack hammered into the antler. On the front face above the mirror is an engraved bison. The edges of the face are decorated with triangular line engravings. There are also nine circles with geometric designs engraved. Each engraving surrounds a hole which originally were set with tacks. On the reverse face, seven animal figures are engraved: 2 bison, 1 deer, 2 badgers, and 2 stylized animals. These animals surround a worm-like water monster with lines emitting from its eyes. Triangles similar to the front face outline the engravings. Bands of etched lines continue half-way down the handle."

Object 62-15-1. Courtesy of the Penn Museum

An Unusual Lower Moiety Warclub, Reverse Upright
[Enlarge]

Commentary (RLD): this club is of the "gun stock" variety exclusive to the Lower (or Earth) Moiety. Depicted are the totem animals of each of the clans of the Lower Moiety: a cervid to represent what the author views as a kind of dual clan, the Deer and Elk; two Waterspirits, who may be doubled to indicate their chieftainship of the moiety; a bear and wolf opposite each other to indicate their special friendship relationship; central is a snake representing that clan. The two forked lines at the bottom represent the snake’s forked tongue. At the tail end, the crosshatching stops, which suggests that the tail ends in a rattle characteristic of the rattlesnake, the deadliest snake in the homeland. To the left of the snake is a fish boxed off to indicate that it inhabits a channel of water. There are four more or less spheroid black dots at the head of the fish, which may represent eggs, making the fish likely the largest in local waters, the sturgeon. Four is also the number of subclans. At the very base next to the handle are two buffaloes, this animal being doubled like the Waterspirits of the chief’s clan. The handle has nine stripes, one for each clan: Waterspirit, Bear, Wolf, Deer, Elk, Buffalo, Snake, Fish, and Bird Clans. The last of these, representing the Upper Moiety, has a very small stripe, and the Deer and Elk Clans are again closely associated by being represented by two tightly adjacent stripes.

Object 62-15-1. Courtesy of the Penn Museum

An Unusual Lower Moiety Warclub, Obverse
[Enlarge]

The obverse may once have had a mirror in its center, giving it a flashing aspect in the sunlight. This side has seven circles with dots in their centers, which correlate with the Lower Moiety clans: Waterspirit, Bear, Wolf, Deer-Elk, Buffalo, Snake, and Fish. Above the second and third of these circles are two others each having twice the diameter of smaller circles. These two large circles appear to represent the two moieties. The first is quadripartite, with two shaded quarters opposite one another, and the remaining opposite quarters left light. This should represent the upper moiety, as parsed in this diagram, the two dark quarters representing the war Thunders (Pigeon and Hawk [or Warrior] Clans), and the two light quadrants representing the peace Thunders (Thunderbird and Eagle Clans). The second circle is divided in two, the upper being shaded by horizontal lines, and the lower being cross hatched. This bifurcation represents the two divisions of the Lower Moiety, the upper representing those clans having special association with water (Waterspirit, Fish, and Wolf), and the lower half representing those clans associated with the Earth (Bear, Deer-Elk, Buffalo, and Snake). There is just one animal depicted on the obverse side, a buffalo. The fact that there are two buffaloes placed closest to the holder of the club on the reverse side, and that there is but one animal, a buffalo, depicted on the obverse side, constitute evidence that this club was designed by or for a member of the Buffalo Clan.

BAE 37: Pl. 43

Warclubs of the Upper Moiety



© NMAI_91098	BAE 37: Pl. 44	BAE 37: Pl. 45
A Dog Headed Warclub Acquired ca. 1918	Warclubs of the Upper Moiety and the Lower Moiety	A Flat-headed Warclub of the Lower Moiety



Thunderbird Museum, Hatfield, Wisconsin.		Thunderbird Museum, Hatfield, Wisconsin.
A XIX^th century Baldheaded Warclub of the Upper Moiety. The warclub was owned by the White Eagle family. It has an 18½" long wooden haft with 3¼" iron spike. It has two drops, the upper of which is a quill wrapped hide with a feather, and the lower is ribbon and hide.		A XIX^th century Gunstock Warclub of the Lower Moiety. It is 8" long having a brass tacked wooden haft with incised teepees. It is equipt with a 4½" forged iron blade with pierced design.

A Tomahawk/Axe, Acquired 1920

Case Auctions

A Beaded Buffalo Horn Warclub, Probably Ceremonial

A Dance Club, Probably Acquired Between 1897 and 1904

Antique Weapons Store

The Highly Ornamented Tomahawk of Caxšebᵉnįnįka

This particular weapon occurs in a photograph of Caxšebᵉnįnįka from the H. H. Bennett studio. Tradition says that this tomahawk once belonged to Chief Yellow Thunder.

Hunting

A Bow in a Quiver, Donated in 1920

A Quiver and Arrows with Modern Points, Donated in 1923

Case Auctions

A Bow, a Battle Arrow with Whittled Point, and a Mąpá’ų (Mą́įsu) Arrow

BAE 37: Pl. 31

A Bow and Bird Arrow

A Bow with String, Donated in 1923

Lawson, WT, Pl. 11

Arrowheads and Spearheads, Doty Island Site

Lawson, WT, Pl. 9

Copper Spear Points,
Doty Island Site

Spear, Acquired 1920

A Powder Horn



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_26217		NMAI_26031
Powder Horn and Cap Bag, Obtained in 1909		Powder Horn, Ammunition, and Cap Bag, Obtained in 1909

BAE GN 03806C 06609200

Two Bandoleers

Brooklyn Museum, CreativeCommonsBY
Dick S. Ramsay Fund, 38.632

Bandoleer Bag

"Bandoleer Bag, early 20th century. Beads, cloth, wool, silk, and metal bells, 39 3/8 × 19 in. (100 × 48.3 cm)."



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_165953		NMAI_7509
Shoulder/Bandolier Bag, Obtained ca. 1909		Shoulder/Bandolier Bag, Obtained in 1930

Meat Hooks, 1909

Fishing

Lawson, WT, Pl. 9

An Iron Harpoon Point,
Doty Island Site

Culinary Ware



BAE 37: Pl. 38c		© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_135853
Mortars and Pestles, 1913		A Pestle, Acquired in 1923

Stirring Paddle, Acquired in 1925



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_181210		NMAI_180786
Wooden Bowl 1, Acquired in 1930		Wooden Bowl 2, Acquired in 1930



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_180789		NMAI_91097
Deep Wooden Bowl, 1930		A Wooden Bowl, Acquired in 1918

BAE 37: Pl. 38a

Wooden Bowls, 1913

BAE GN 03810B06 06610500

Five Wooden Bowls, 1913

BAE 37: Pl. 38b

Wooden Spoons, 1913



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_25972		NMAI_135858
Spoons and Ladles, 1909		Spoon/Ladle Given by Oliver La Mere to M. R. Gilmore in 1923

NAA INV 06610600

Ladles, 1913

Containers

Cradles



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI 25959	BAE 37: Pl. 42	NMAI_29675
Cradleboard, Acquired in 1909	An Ornamental Cradleboard	Cradleboard, Acquired in 1910

Baskets

A Collection of Hōcąk Baskets

NPS

Baskets of Emma Big Bear (1869-1968)



Sarah Whiteagle, Etsy		Daderot, Chazen Museum
A Shopping Basket, Black Ash, 1980’s		A Miniature Basket, Black Ash



© NMAI 271944	NMAI 271924	NMAI 271921
Three Baskets by Bernadine Tallmadge, 1983

Bags and Receptacles



Brooklyn Museum		Brooklyn Museum
A Twined Medicine Bag, Thunderbird Design, Obverse		A Twined Medicine Bag, Thunderbird Design, Reverse



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_225589		NMAI_141092
A Charm Bag, Obtained in 1948		A Charm Bag, 1924

A Charm Bag, Obtained in 1925



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_151192		NMAI_151192
A Charm Bag, Obtained in 1925
Obverse		Reverse



BAE 37: Pl. 28		BAE 37: Pl. 30
A Small Beaded Bag		A Birch Bark Receptacle



Brooklyn Museum		Brooklyn Museum
A Beaded Bag, Obverse		A Beaded Bag, Reverse

Woven Bags

Woven Bags

Woven Bags

Woven Bags

Woven Bags

Woven Bags



BAE GN 3809 B	BAE GN 03809A 06609900	BAE GN 03810B02 06610100
Woven Bag, 1913	Woven Bag, 1913	Woven Bag with a String Handle

BAE 37: Pl. 37

Openwork Woven Bags

BAE GN 3810 A

Miscellaneous Bags

A Paint Bag, Acquired 1909



Brooklyn Museum		Brooklyn Museum
A Woven Friendship Bag		Woven Bag



Brooklyn Museum		Brooklyn Museum
A Woven Bag, Obverse		A Woven Bag, Reverse



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_9148		NMAI_151048
Bag (1), Acquired ca. 1906		Bag (2), Acquired 1925



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_13372		NMAI_151060
Bag (3), Acquired ca. 1907		Bag (4), Acquired 1925



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_151112		NMAI_151039
Bag (5), Acquired 1925		Bag (6), Acquired 1925



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_26231		NMAI_142906
Bag (7), Acquired 1909		Bag (8), Acquired 1924



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_181457		NMAI_151044
Bag (9), Acquired 1930		Bag (10), Acquired 1925



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_151111		NMAI_151046
Bag (11), Acquired 1925		Bag (12), Acquired 1925



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_151052		NMAI_151567
Bag (13), Acquired 1925		Bag (14), Acquired 1925



Met, Mrs. Green Rainbow		Daderot, Wisconsin Historical Museum
A Woven Bag		A Sewing Bag

BAE GN 03810B02 06610100

A Fur Bag, 1913



BAE GN 03810B02 06610100		© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_94437
A Draw-String Bag, 1913		A Draw-String Bag, 1918

Pouches

BAE GN 03810B01 06610000

Fur Pouches

BAE GN 3810 B14

Beaded Tobacco Pouches

Pottery



Lawson, WT, Pl. 5
Pottery Shards from the Doty Island Site

Agriculture



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_151596		MAI_151556
A Husking Peg, Obtained in 1925		A Deer Jaw Husking Tool, Obtained in 1925

Whips

BAE GN 03806F 06609500

Whips

Nebraska State Historical Society, D.C. “Omaha Charlie” Bristol Collection

Little Priest’s Quirt (with 6 Scalp Marks)

Structures

Earth Works and Mounds

Habitations



Eastman Eastman

An Oval Lodge An Oval Lodge Frame

BAE GN 4400

A Lodge Frame

H. H. Bennett

The Frame of a Medicine Rite Lodge

The Frame and Interior of an Oval Lodge

ISIL 1880

A Diagram of How a Mat Lodge is Constructed



NAA INV 00215900 BAE 37: Pl. 18a

A Mat Covered Lodge A Lodge of Reed Matting, 1910-1913



BAE 37: Pl. 19c BAE 37: Pl. 19a

A Lodge of Reed Matting, 1910-1913 A Bark Lodge, 1910-1913

A Hōcąk Longhouse Lodge, ca. 1900

Alice C. Fletcher

Birch Bark Lodges



Henry Roe Cloud BAE 37: Pl. 18c

A Hōcąk Bark Lodge, ca. 1915 A Bark Lodge, 1910-1913



BAE 37: Pl. 18b BAE GN 03805 06608900

A Lodge of Bark and Reed Matting, 1910-1913 An Elm Bark Lodge with a Corn Drying Frame

Reformed Church

Lodges Near Black River Falls, 1921

Note the presence of stove pipes reflecting a change in technology. At the far left is the frame to an oval lodge. The small out lodge to the far right may be a menstrual hut.

Seth Eastman

The Winnebago Medicine Dance Lodge

NAA 03799

A Hōcąk Medicine Rite Encampment

BAE 37: Pl. 49a

The Medicine Rite Lodge

NAA 03799

The Interior of a Hōcąk Medicine Rite Tent

Grave Houses

Alice C. Fletcher

Grave Houses, 1887

BAE 37: Pl. 54b

Funeral Huts

Reformed Church

A Cemetery Near Black River Falls, 1921

Frames

H. H. Bennett BAE 37: Pl. 30

A Frame for Tanning a Hide Frame for Stringing Beads

Mats



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_151097		NMAI_132527
Mat Made of Rushes and Cordage, Donated 1925		A Mat, Donated 1923

Mat Made of Cedar Bark, Donated 1925

Cordage



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_26227		BAE GN 03810B02 06610100
Cordage, Donated in 1909		Twine, 1913

Heddles



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_26202		Daderot, Wisconsin Historical Museum
Hook, Basket Material, and Heddle, 1909		A Beadwork Heddle

BAE GN 03810B02 06610100

Heddles

Clothing and Adornment

Sewing

© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_135857 NMAI_24681

A Mat Needle,
Given to M. R. Gilmore in 1923 by Oliver Lamere A Bone Sewing Needle, Acquired in 1909

© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_232628 NMAI_225990

A Needle Case, Donated in 1950 A Pin Cushion, Acquired 1948

Clothing

BAE 37: Pl. 23a

Performers Wearing Old Style Clothing

A Roach, Acquired in 1920



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_257437		Charles Bird King
A Turban, ca. 1890		The Snakeskin Turban of Wakąhaga



Belden	BAE 37: Pl. 28B	BAE 37: Pl. 28A
A Female Headband	A Woman’s Hair Ornament	A Female Hair Ornament



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_151081		NMAI_200431
A Hair Wrapper and Tie, Acquired in 1925		A Hair Tie, Acquired Prior to 1870

A Hair Wrapper, Acquired in 1912

NAA MS 4800: 23

A Section of a Neck Band

A Child's Jacket, Acquired 1925

BAE GN 03810B09 06610800

A Shirt, 1913

A Man's Shirt, Acquired 1925

A Man's Shirt Yoke and Cuffs, Acquired 1951

BAE GN 3810 B13

Ceremonial Clothing: bottom shirt (disc shirt), and perhaps beaded shirt also, are women’s shirts, worn at sacred Warbundle feasts or medicine lodge ceremonies. At left is man’s breech-clout. At right are men’s leggings.

Woman's Ceremonial Shirt, Acquired in 1954



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_11482		BAE GN 03810B08 06610700
A Vest, Acquired in 1906		A Vest, 1913



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_32008		NMAI_32008
A Vest Obverse, Acquired ca. 1911		A Vest Reverse

An Ornamental Pectoral, ca. 1890

BAE GN 3810 B15

Bands

BAE GN 03810B08 06610700

A Leather Waist Band, 1913

A Strip/Band, Acquired in 1925



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_215166		© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_215163
Sash/Belt		Sash/Belt
Both were formerly in the collection of De Cost Smith (1864-1939, a Western painter) and possibly collected by him between 1884 and 1900; bequeathed to MAI by De Cost Smith.



NMAI_151191		NMAI_11943
Sash/Belt, Acquired in 1925		Sash/Belt, Acquired in 1906

NAA INV 06609100

Beaded Belts

Brooklyn Museum, Creative Commons-BY
Charles Stewart Smith Memorial Fund, 46.96.3.

A Beaded Belt

"Lined Beaded Belt. Beads, gingham cloth, 77 x 3.5 cm / 30 1/4 x 1 3/8 in."



Brooklyn Museum		Daderot, Wisconsin Historical Museum
Breechcloth		Breechcloth



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_122315		NMAI_122315
Breechcloth, Obverse		Breechcloth Reverse, Acquired ca. 1922



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_9503		NMAI_200433
Garters/Legbands 1, Acquired in 1906		Garters/Legbands 2, Acquired Prior to 1870



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_151200		NMAI_151197
Garters/Legbands 3, Acquired in 1925		Garters/Legbands 4, Acquired in 1925



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_151198		NMAI_231686
Garters/Legbands 5, Created in 1925		Garters/Legbands 6, Acquired in 1951



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_187640		NMAI_111459
Man's Leggings, Acquired 1930		Man's Leggings, Acquired 1920

Woman's Leggings, Acquired ca. 1900

BAE 37: Pl. 24

Decorative Moccasins

a. Men’s moccasin with a partial quill decoration. b, c. Men’s moccasin with beaded Algonquian decoration. d. Women’s moccasins with a beaded Hōcąk
decoration. e. Women’s moccasin with silk appliqué work.

BAE 37: Pl. 25

Decorative Moccasins

a. Men’s moccasins with a beaded Hōcąk decoration. b. Women’s moccasins with a beaded Hōcąk decoration.
c. Women’s moccasin with silk appliqué work.



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_266305		NMAI_151583
Girl's Moccasins		Woman's Moccasins, ca. 1890



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_181741		Daderot, Wisconsin Historical Museum
Decorative Moccasins



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_151582		NMAI_231361
Women's Moccasins, Acquired in 1925		Decorative Moccasins, Acquired in 1950

Lowie, AMNH 4, 2 (1910)

Moccasins

a-b. Women’s moccasins. c. A man’s moccasin. d. A child’s moccasin with a hole in the sole to discourage the child’s spirit from walking away.

Wissler, AMNH 17, 3 (1916)

Moccasin with Top Fringe and Beaded Band Decoration

Adornments



	Lowie, AMNH 4, 2 (1910)	© NMAI_111297
	A Headdress Feather	A Feather Socket/Holder
"A carved bone, somewhat like an elongate isosceles triangle in shape, spread out this [deer tail headdress] roach and was attached near the front to another tubular bone in which an eagle feather was inserted. Often the latter was ornamented with dyed horse hair and rattlesnake rattles." – Lowie		Obtained in 1920



BAE GN 03810B04 06610300		Charles Milton Bell
A Bear Claw and Fur Necklace		The Same Kind of Claw Necklace on White Horse

A Bear Claw Necklace, Acquired 1909



Lawson, WT, Pl. 2		BAE 37: Pl. 21b
Glass and Shell Beads		Women Wearing Multiple Strands of Beads

Necklace of Bone & Beads, Acquired 1930

A Choker Necklace, Acquired 1909

Necklace & Earrings by Melanie Tallmadge Sainz, ca. 1990



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_9347		NMAI_9348
Cloth Necklace, Acquired 1906		Black & White Cloth Necklace, Acquired 1906

A Necklace of Deer Hooves

A Necklace of Deer Hooves and Bells, Acquired 1925



BAE GN 03810B02 06610100		Brooklyn Museum
Metal Bands		Incised Bracelets and Disks

Armbands, 1870-1900

Medallions

© Nat Mus of the American Indian NMAI_22434 NMAI_22434

Washington Peace Medal & Necklace Washington Peace Medal & Necklace

Obverse Reverse

Formerly owned by the grandfather of Louis (Lewis) St. Cyr.

Combs



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_181455		Charles Bird King
A Hair Comb Collected in 1930		A Comb Affixed to the Hair of Hųwąnįka

Ritual Objects

BAE 37: Pl. 51

Otter Skin Pouches of the Medicine Rite

Lowie, AMNH 4, 2 (1910)

An Otter Skin Medicine Pouch



BAE 37: Pl. 52		BAE 37: Pl. 53
Animal Pouches of the Medicine Rite		Skin Pouches and Feather Fans Used in the Medicine Rite

Lowie, AMNH 4, 2 (1910)

A Medicine Doll

Medicine Bundles



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_26201		NMAI_26206
Two Medicine Bundles, Acquired in 1909

Charms

Love Charms, Obtained in 1926

An Ermine Charm Amulet, Obtained in 1925

Wampum Belts

Wampum Belt, Acquired 1908

The Indians, The Northwest, 34

The Governor Denny Wampum Belt

"The illustration in this work of wampum is of the famous Governor Denny belt made by the Indians in 1758, and owned now by the Winnebagoes. Depicted on the belt in bead work are the figures of an Indian and a white man, at peace with each other. This belt is valued at $5,000. The Winnebagoes possess the rarest collection of wampum belts now in existence in the United States. These belts are eleven in number and are in the possession of White Buffalo, chief of the tribe, who resides in Chicago. The names of these eleven belts are: Five Nation’s War Belt; Six Nation’s Peace Belt; Six Nation’s Peace Belt, representing two roads; Old French Fort Belt, of New York, 300 years old; Black Hawk Belt; First William Penn Belt, 218 years old; Governor Denny Belt of 1758; Red Jacket Belt of 1825; Captain Brant Belt of 1750; French Peace Belt, 200 years old; French Mission Belt."

Pipes

Pipebowl, Pipestem, Pipe Bag, Pipe Cleaner-Tamper, 1920

Hexom

Old Decora’s Pipe, Given as a Gift to Zachary Taylor

BAE 37: Pl. 30E

A Catlinite Pipe

Brooklyn Museum, CreativeCommonsBY
Henry L. Batterman Fund and the Frank Sherman Benson Fund, 50.67.73

Painted Wooden Pipe Stems, Early XIXᵀᴴ Century, 24 in.
The Specimen at the Bottom is the Reverse Side of the One Directly Above it.

Musical Instruments



BAE 37: Pl. 44		BAE 37: Pl. 44
A Drum with a Thunderbird Motif		A Drum



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_219491		Brooklyn Museum
A Drum, Acquired in 1942		A Star Drum



BAE 37: Pl. 44		© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_26229
Gourd Rattles



© National Museum of the American Indian NMAI_26229		NMAI_26229
Gourd Rattles

A Gourd Rattle, Obtained in 1909

Copper Knee Rattles, Obtained in 1925

A Fandom

A Courting Flute

BAE 37: Pl. 30D

A Flute

George Catlin

A Drawing of a Hōcąk Flute

Met, Crosby Brown Coll.

An Aerophone Flute-Whistle, 1889

Met, Crosby Brown Coll.

An Aerophone Flute-Whistle, 1889

BAE 37: Pl. 57

Whistles from a Thunderbird Warbundle

A Whistle, Contributed by Paul Radin in 1909

Dance Accessories



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian, NMAI_26027		NMAI_20193
A Dance Staff Acquired in 1900		A Dance Wand, Acquired 1908

Toys and Play Things



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian, NMAI_135668		NMAI_229085
Female Doll, Donated 1923		Male Doll, ca. 1900



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian, NMAI_1231125		NMAI_229086
Female Doll, Donated 1950		Female Doll, ca. 1890

Games and Amusements

Gambling Bowl, Acquired in 1930



© National Museum of the American Indian, NMAI_135873		NMAI_91037
Gambling Bowl, Bag, and Dice Gift of Oliver Lamere to M. R. Gilmore, 1923		Dice Bones, 1918

A Gambling Set for the Moccasin Game, Acquired in 1923

Cup and Pin Game

A Snow Snake
For this game, called sakóro, see McKern

A Wooden Lacrosse Ball

NAA INV 06610200

Lacrosse Sticks

Lowie, AMNH 4, 2 (1910)

Two Lacrosse Rackets



NAA INV 00215900		BAE 37: Pl. 18a
A Mat Covered Lodge		A Lodge of Reed Matting, 1910-1913



BAE 37: Pl. 19c		BAE 37: Pl. 19a
A Lodge of Reed Matting, 1910-1913		A Bark Lodge, 1910-1913



Henry Roe Cloud		BAE 37: Pl. 18c
A Hōcąk Bark Lodge, ca. 1915		A Bark Lodge, 1910-1913



BAE 37: Pl. 18b		BAE GN 03805 06608900
A Lodge of Bark and Reed Matting, 1910-1913		An Elm Bark Lodge with a Corn Drying Frame



H. H. Bennett		BAE 37: Pl. 30
A Frame for Tanning a Hide		Frame for Stringing Beads



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_135857		NMAI_24681
A Mat Needle, Given to M. R. Gilmore in 1923 by Oliver Lamere		A Bone Sewing Needle, Acquired in 1909



© Nat. Mus. of the American Indian NMAI_232628		NMAI_225990
A Needle Case, Donated in 1950		A Pin Cushion, Acquired 1948



© Nat Mus of the American Indian NMAI_22434		NMAI_22434
Washington Peace Medal & Necklace		Washington Peace Medal & Necklace
Obverse		Reverse
Formerly owned by the grandfather of Louis (Lewis) St. Cyr.