Hocąk Text — The Shell Anklets Origin Myth, Verson 1a
narrated by Jasper Blowsnake
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Winnebago II, #6: 10 | Winnebago III, #1: 11 | Winnebago II, #1: 20 | Winnebago III, #12: 13 | Winnebago II, #5: 22 |
Hocąk Text to Version 1b ➡
As is the case with a number of other Radin interlinear MSS, this text contains abbreviations for common word terminations.
β | ɜ | λ | ρ | ϕ | - | ⨪ | / |
éja | -šaną | žesge | -ánąga | hąké | -(ᵉ)ra | -nąk | -ną |
In the interlinear text where the translation is missing, it has been supplied whenever possible from the English text of The Road of Life and Death (see Source). Where a missing translation has been supplied from other sources, it is enclosed in brackets, [ ].
Key —
First Row | "raw" interlinear text from Paul Radin, Winnebago II, #6: 10-15. |
Second Row | revised text from Paul Radin, Winnebago II, #5: 21-29, & The Culture of the Winnebago: As Defined by Themselves, 68.1-69.36a. |
Third Row | text in current orthography. |
Fourth Row | English translation based on Winnebago II, #5: 21-29, & in part on that of The Culture of the Winnebago: As Defined by Themselves, 73.1-74.41. |
Winnebago II, #6: 10 = Winn. II, #1: 20 = Winn. III, #12: 13 = Winn. II, #5: 21 = CW: 68.1 | ||||||||
gīḗgī* | hotcintcĭ́nigra | noⁿpíwi | haⁿdĕ | k‘iⁿrēgī | jĕ́e | hiū́nīhī́rĕgī | naⁿtcgĕ́dēk | |
Gë | ä́gi | hotcιntcίnιñgεra | nɔⁿp‘íwi | haⁿdέ | kíⁿṇegi | jεέ | hi’unihírεgi | naⁿtcgέdek‘ |
Ge | égi | hocįcį́nįgᵉra | nųpíwi | hąté | kįrégi | žee: | hi’unihíregi | nącgétek |
And | then | boys | two | to dream | they did | this: | their mother | heart sick** |
* Winn. 2.20 has, gĕ égī giégi. Following this word in Winn. 2.6.10 is, hinuⁿdjḗgaⁿ haⁿdḗgīji ("the woman dreamt"), which has been lined out. In CW it is restored in brackets.
** Winn. 2.6.10 has, "heart sore".
Winn. II.5.22 | |||||||
hī́regī | ḗgī | moⁿkaⁿnī | xĕdĕrā | wāsgēokĕ́rĕra | djopī́wīgī | hinuⁿk‘djegā‡ | |
hírεgī | ä́gi | mañk‘áⁿni | xέdεra | wasgέ | hok‘érera | djop‘íwigi.† | Hinύñk‘djega |
híregi. | Égi | mąką́ni** | xétera | wasgé | hokérera | jopíwigi, | hinų́kjega |
she was made.* | And | medicine men | big | dish | places | four of them, | the women |
* Winn. 2.6.10, CW.73.1a have, "they made".
** CW 68.2 has wąką́ni, a misprint.
† the text ends the sentence here, but -gi usually terminates a clause, and in this context should be translated as, "there having been four of them," or "while there were four of them," etc.
‡ written above an orignal /p/ is /k/. The translation of Winn. II.6.10 has, "the second woman".
Winn. II.1.21 | Winn. II.6.11 | |||||
ī́jaⁿ | hik‘ā́na | hī́gi** | ḗjē | t’ēgī́ji | ḗgī | hīnuⁿk‘djēgā‡‡ |
ë́jαⁿ | hik‘ánαhigi, | ë́jε | t’egíji. | Ä́gi | hinύⁿk‘djega | |
éžą* | hikána, | hígi† | éže, | t’egíži. | Égi | hinų́kjega |
one of them, | her husband, | [he went] | [he said,]‡ | when he was dead. | And | the woman |
* < é-hižą.
**
the orignial text of Winn. II.6.11 has hik‘ā́na|hī́gi, indicating two words. Winn. II.5.22 has hikánahigi, which is translated as "her husband".
† the expression in the line above, hik‘ánαhigi, was analysed in CW 68.3 as hikó nahigi, neither word of which is found in our extensive Lexcon.
‡ in place of "she said".
‡‡ again,
written above an orignal /p/ is /k/.
hatcuⁿgĕ́rĕ* | hik‘ā́nōnā | t’ḗgā | x̣ā́gĕrā | hīrōhēg|enī́sgĕgā́djaⁿ |
hatcυñgérε | hik’ā́naṇa** | t’éga | γágέra | hirohégεnisgέgadjaⁿ |
hacągére | hikánara | t’éga | ǧágᵉra, | hirohégᵉnisgégają. |
she hardly stopped | her husband | that he was dead | the crying, | just then, it had become a little better. |
* in Winn. II.6.11, ha is written above the crossout in the orignial hītcuⁿgĕ́rĕ. Also crossed out in the translation is an original, "his younger sister". The translation given is written above the Hocąk text.
** CW 68.3 has hikó‧nara.
ēgi | haⁿhḗgadjaⁿ | hīnŭⁿk’djēgā | haⁿhḗ | kīsāgerēgī | hāguādjī́reje | gīji |
Ä́gi | haⁿhégadjaⁿ | hinύñk‘djega | haⁿhé | k‘isáⁿgεrεgi | hagŭadjírejε, | giji |
Égi | hąhégają, | hinų́kjega | hąhé | kiságᵉregi | haguajíreže, | giži |
And | the night, | the woman | night | in the middle of | they came after. | [.] |
hīnŭⁿk‘djēga | rēcgū́nījĕ | ḗgī | hīgā́djāⁿ | gixaī́dja | hānīaⁿ-gī́rējĕ | gī́ji | ḗgi |
hinύñkdjega | rëcgúnijε. | Ä́gi | higádjaⁿ | gixaídja | hani-añgírejε | giji, | ä́gi |
Hinų́kjega | rešgúniže. | Égi | higáją | gixaíja | hani-ągíreže, | gíži. | Égi |
The woman | she went. | Then | she got to | outside | they took her | [.] | And |
edja | minā́gĕrĕ | higaíregī | edja | mīnaⁿkcgū́nī | ēgi | wāgāīrējĕ |
ë́dja | minάⁿgεrε | higaírεgi. | ë́dja | minαⁿkcgúni. | Ä́gi | wagaírejε |
éja | miną́gere | higaíregi, | éja | minąkšgúni. | Égi | wagaíreže, |
there | sit down | they told her, then | there | she sat down. | And | they said, |
kūrūhiⁿdjérĕcguni | ḗgi | wagāīrējĕ | hīkānaⁿrā́ga | t’ḗgī | |
k‘iruhίntc | hirecgúni. | Ä́gi | wagírejε, | "Hik‘ânaⁿṇága | t’égi |
k’iruhį́c | hirešgúni, | égi | wagaíreže, | "Hikąnąrága* | t’égi |
a greeting | they made her, | [then] | they said, | "Your husband | when he died, |
* CW 68.9 has, hikó‧naraga.
naⁿtcgĕ́ranĭⁿ-dḗkce | hīgāīrēcgū́nī | ḗgi | wḗjĕ | haⁿhaⁿaⁿ | ḗje | ḗgī | |
naⁿtcgéra | nιⁿdë́kcε," | higairecgúni. | Ä́gi | wë́jε, | "Haⁿháⁿa," | ë́jε, | "Ä́gi |
nącgéra | nįtékše," | higairešgúni. | Égi | wéže, | "Hąhą́’ą," | éže. | "Égi |
heart | you were sore," | they said to her. | So | she said, | "Yes," | she said. | "Indeed |
naⁿtcgĕ́ra | niⁿdēgēră | hik‘ánārā́gā | wōcgŏ́ⁿnā | hīrākā́rāpĕ́rēz’dēnaⁿ | ḗgī |
naⁿtcgéra | nίⁿdégεra. | Hik‘ấ́naⁿraga | wocgɔ́ⁿṇa | hirak‘áraperεzdènaⁿ. | Ä́gi |
nącgéra | nįtégᵉra. | Hikánąraga | wošgǫ́na* | hirakárapereztèną.** | Égi |
heart | you were sore. | Your husband | his way | you will know. | Then |
* CW 68.11: hikó‧nąraga wošgą́na.
** CW 68.11: hirakáraperes‧dèna (a misprint).
rohī́rā | hōrāk‘iⁿmīⁿcge* | higāī́rējĕ | gījī | ḗgī | hijáⁿ | tcowḗdjā | nāⁿkī | wḗjĕ |
rohíra | horak‘ίⁿmιⁿcgε," | higaírejε. | Giji† | ä́gi | hijáⁿ | tcowë́dja | nαⁿk‘í | wéjε. |
rohíra | horakį́mįšge," | higaíreže, | giži. | Égi | hižą́ | cowéja | nąki | wéže, |
your body | lay it down," | they said | [.] | Then | one | the first | sitting | he said, |
* this word is circled. CW 68.11a has horakimį́cge.
† Winn. II.5.22 treats giji as the initial word of the next sentence, translating it as "thus."
ēgīcgĕ́ | hīnuⁿbḗdjānúⁿga | hīcgĕ́ | djāgū́igḗga | hīcgē | jēesgīgādjīrēcgū́nī | ||
Ä́́gicgε | hinυⁿbέdjanαⁿga | hicgέ | djagú | higéga | -* | jë́sgε, | higadjirecgúni, |
égišge, | hinųbéjanąga | hišgé | jagú | higéga, | hišge | žeesge** | higádjirešgùni, |
and indeed, | the second one | also | what | he said to her, | [also] | that | they commenced |
* hicge is omitted by Winn. II.5.22 and CW 68.12.
** CW 68.12: jé‧sge.
Winn. II.6.12 | Winn. II.5.23† | ||||||||
gī́jī | ḗgī | hīdenī́nā | hĭcgĕ́ | djāgū́ | ā́naⁿka | jeesge | higā́|djīrēcgū́nī | higūícgē | |
gíji. | Ä́gi | hidaníṇa | hicgέ | djágu | ấnañk‘a, | jë́sgε* | higadjirëcgúni. | Higύⁿ | hicgέ |
gíži. | Égi | hitanína | hišgé | jagú | ánąka, | žeésge** | higádjirešgùni. | Higų́išge | |
[.] | Then | the third | also | what | he said, | that way | they commenced. | Then also |
* the first /e/ of jeesge in Winn. II.6.12 is omitted here. However, the form žeéšge (< žeé-šge) is attested elsewhere.
** CW 68.13: jé‧sge.
†
at the top of the page is written: hopį hocicik wagiweną = I had bad luck".
tcōnīnoⁿp‘íwī | hĭt’at’ā́wiga | djagu | aīrắnīhḗgā | hicgĕ́ | jesgĕsdjĭⁿ |
tconinυⁿp‘íwi | hit’at’áwiga; | djágu | airanihéga | hicgέ | jέsgέxdjιⁿ |
coninųpíwi | hit’at’áwiga; | jagú | aíranihèga | hišgé | žesgéxjį |
the first two | they talked; | what | they had said | also | that very thing |
Winn. II.1.22 | ||||||
higĕ́cguni | gījī | hīnŭ́ⁿgĕnaⁿka | ḗgī | wecgū́ni | t’aⁿp | kīrīkā́rā́naⁿga |
higécguni | giji | hinύñgεnαⁿk‘a | ä́gi | wēcgúni | t’aⁿp‘ | k‘irik‘aránαⁿga |
higéšguni, | giži.* | Hinų́gᵉnąka** | égi | wešgúni | t’ąp | kírikarànąga |
he said to her. | [.] | The woman | then | speaking | to get up | she did immediately, and |
* omitted in CW 68.14.
** CW 68.15 has, hinų́k‧naka, a probable misprint.
jĕgŭáⁿkĕ | yakā́rapĕ́rezenikdjēgĕ | ḗsgĕ | jēsgĕ | wawḗgādjaⁿ | |
jegύⁿ, | hañk‘έ* | yak‘arap‘érεzεnιñk‘djε, | ä́sgε | jếsgε | wawégadjáⁿ‡ |
yakarapérezᵉnįkje, | ésge | žésge | wawégają́," | ||
"Then | not | I will not know of it,† | thus | that kind | [it is bothersome,"]‡‡ |
* the text capitalizes the /h/ of this word.
** CW 68.15 has, jégų, "hąké.
†
Winn. II.6.12: "not I will know"; Winn. II.5.23: "not I care to hear of it"; CW 73.15: "I will not listen (know) to you".
‡
this word is underlined.
‡‡
Winn. II.6.12: "(I go through?)"; Winn. II.5.23: "if it is my misfortune way" (the last word being written in pencil above the line); CW 73.15: "if I have to endure (my loss), so be it". Wawe means, "to be burdensome, annoying" (Marino).
ēgī́jī | higuāⁿnā | x̣āgĕrīwāaⁿjē | egi | wakuruhiⁿtc | hākīrīānuga | |
egíjι. | Higŭä́ⁿṇa | γágεra | hiwáaⁿjε, | ä́gi | wak‘úruhintc | hak‘iⁿriάnαⁿga |
egíži. | Higuą́na* | ǧágᵉra | hiwá’ąže, | égi | wakúruhįc | hakiriánąga |
she said. | Now | the crying | it started, | then | greeting | passing around, and |
* CW 68.15-16 has, egíje. higuó‧na.
ḗgī | gīcgŭnījĕ | ḗgī | x̣āgĕrā | hatcaⁿgḗrĕ | hīrōhḗkĕ | hinĭⁿgŭahirā |
ä́gi | gicgúnijε. | Ä́gi | γagεrá | hatcañgérε | hirohë́k‘ε. | Hiniⁿgwahíra |
égi | gišgúniže. | Égi | ǧagᵉrá | hacągére | hirohéke. | Hínįgwahìra |
then | she went home. | And | crying | hardly | a little better. | Her sons |
gīpiⁿnáⁿgĕrē | jīgĕ́ | x̣agera | djasgādjēgī | tcṓni | jesgḗ | djirecgū́nī |
gip‘ιⁿnágerε | jigέ | γágεra | djasgadjegi | Tcóni | jë́sgε | djirecgúni |
gip’įnágᵉre | žigé | ǧágᵉra | jasgájegi. | Cóni | žésge | jirešgúni |
they were glad | again | the crying | it stopped. | At first | that way | she began |
gījī | hinī́ⁿgwāhī́rā | higiuaⁿx̣īrecgū́ni | ḗgi | haⁿkĕ́ | jē|nī́sgānī́nādjḗrā | |
giji | hinιgwahíra | higiwáñγ-irëcgúni, | "Ä́gi | hañkέjε | nisgέ | haníṇadjéra, |
giži. | Hínigwahìra | higiwą́ǧirešgùni, | "Égi | hąké | ženisgé* | hanírajèra, |
[.] | Her sons | they asked her., | "And | it was not | like that | you were, |
* CW 68.19a has, hąkéje nisgé.
Winn. 3.12.14 | |||||
waⁿkcĭ́gĕrā | hījáⁿ | wajīⁿnĭ-gḗgunī | ḗgī | hōkārākcgū́ni | |
wañkcίgεra | hijáⁿ | wajáⁿ | hinιⁿgέguní. | Ä́gi | hok‘aracgúni |
wąkšígᵉra | hižą́ | wažą́* | hinįgégunì."** | Égi | hokarašgúni |
men | one | something | he must have said." | Then | she told them |
* CW 68.19a has, wágą, a misprint.
** CW 68.19a has, hinįgécguni. Both -guni and -šguni are attested and are of the same meaning.
Winn. II.6.13 | |||||
jĕesgḗ | ĭⁿrāī́rēna** | dḗ | hiⁿk’anōṇā | t’ḗgā | wāgā́nūgā |
jέεsgε | hiⁿṇaíṇanaⁿ | dε | hiñk‘ä́naṇa | t’éga | wagάnαⁿga, |
žéesge* | hįraíreną | Te | hįkánana | t’éga,† | wagánąga, |
that way | they thought. | This | husband | when he was dead,‡ | he said, and, |
* CW 68.20 has, jé‧sge.
**
the initial /h/ was lost through external sandhi.
† CW 68.20a has, "hįkó‧nara tʔégaʔ.
‡ more appropriately, "because he was dead".
hītcakṓrōwāhīrā | jĕ́ĕ | waīgāīrēnā | haⁿhḗkīsāgĕrēgī | gixaīdjā |
"Hitcak‘ä́rowahíra | jέε | waigaírenaⁿ | haⁿhek‘isagεrεgi, | gixaídja |
"Hicakórowahìra | žée | waigaíreną. | hąhékiságᵉregi | gixaíja |
"His friends | this | they said to me | in the middle of the night | outside |
Winn. II.5.24 | ||||
hīⁿ|gŭádjīrā́nŭgā | ḗgī | wāīgāírēna | woc’gŏ́nna* | yakā́rāpĕrḗzdĕ |
hιñgŭádjirάnαⁿga. | Ä́gi | waigaírena | wocgɔ́ⁿṇa | yak‘arap‘erέzdε. |
hįguájirànąga | égi | waigaíreną | wošgǫ́na | yakaraperézte. |
they came after me, and | [then] | they said to me | the affair | I will know. |
* this should have been written, woc’gŏ́ⁿṇa. CW 68.21a has, wacgą́ra.
hĭⁿgāī́rēna | rōhī́rā | wak’ī́ⁿmĭ́ⁿcdje | hĭⁿgāī́rē | hĭnk‘ĕāúnīnā | |
Hiñgaírenaⁿ, | 'rohíra | wak‘ιⁿmιⁿcgε,' | hιñgaírε. | Hιñk‘έ | ha‘ú-inínaⁿ; |
Hįgaíreną, | 'Rohíra | wakįmį́šge,'* | hįgaíre.** | Hįké | ha’ų́iníną; |
They told me, | 'Body | lay it down,' | they told me. | Not | I did not do it; |
* CW 6821a has, wakimį́cge.
** correcting the bad grammar of the original, CW 68.21a has, hįgáireną.
haⁿkĕapĕ́rĕzĕnĭ́ⁿkdjēgĕ | jḗesgĕgādjāⁿ | jēgŭⁿ | |
hañk‘έ | hap‘erεzεnίⁿk‘djegε. | Jέεsgέgadjaⁿ | jëgύⁿ, |
hąké | hapérezᵉnį́kjege.* | Žéesgégają† | žégų, |
not | I would take no cognizance of it.** | That kind it was | then, |
* CW 68.22 has, yapéreznįkdjège, which may be better grammar.
** this translation is from CW 73.22.Winn. II.6.13 has, "not I will know"; and Winn. II.5.24 has, "not I will know care to hear of it".
† CW 68.22a has, je‧sgégadją.
Winn. II.1.23 | ||||
kĕyāpĕ́rĕzĕnĭ́ⁿkdjēnāⁿ | ḗgī | wakuruhiⁿtc | hā́kīrīā́nuga | |
'Hañk‘έ | yap‘erεzεnιⁿk‘djénaⁿ.'* | Ä́gi | wak‘úruhιntc | hak‘iri-άnαⁿga |
'Hąké | yapérezᵉnįkjèną.' | Égi | wakúruhịc | hakiriánąga |
'Not | [I would take no cognizance of it.]** | And | greeting | passing around, and |
* in the penultimate syllable, an original /i/ was replaced with /é/.
** this line (22a) in the translation is omitted from CW 73.Winn. II.6.13 has, "not I will know"; and Winn. II.5.24 has, "not I will know care to hear of it".
ḗgī | k‘ū́nā | ḗpā | jēgĕ́ | x̣ā́gĕrā | djaīsgā́djĕrā | djḗsgādjīⁿrḗnāⁿ. |
ä́gi | k‘únαⁿ | ë́p‘a | jigέ | γágεra | djaisgádjera, | djesgadjirénαⁿ.["] |
égi | kúną | épa* | žigé | ǧágᵉra | jaisájᵉra, | jésgajirèną." |
and | I came back | thus | again | crying | as I was, | that way I began." |
* CW 68.23 has, epá.
ḗgī | hinīⁿguahī́rā | wairēcgū́nī | haⁿhaⁿ | nanī́ | hīrākā́rāpĕ́rĕzdḗnā |
Ä́gi | hinιñgwahíra | wairecgúni, | "Haⁿháⁿ, | naní, | hirak‘árap‘erεzdènαⁿ. |
Égi | hínįgwahìra | wairešgúni | "Hąhą́, | naní, | hirakárapereztèną. |
And | her sons | they said, | "Indeed, | mother, | you will know something. |
haⁿkĕ́ | ḗcana | jĕsgḗpĕ́rĕzhirānī́nā | ḗgi | hiūnihīrērā | |
Hañkέ | ë́cαnαⁿ | jë́sgέ | p‘erεzhiranínαⁿ." | Ä́gi | hi’unihírera |
Hąké | éšana | žésge | pereziraníną." | Égi | hi’unihírera |
Not | only | that kind | they do not know." | And | their mother |
tcṓkĕra|kḗrērā́nūgā | ḗgī | aⁿdjĕ́djā | p‘ĭksī́gūdjā | |
tcok‘εrak‘érera | ánαⁿgá. | Ä́gi | aⁿdjέdja | p‘iksίgudja |
cokéra | kérerànąga | égi | ąjéja | piksíguja |
[leading along] | they accompanied her, and | [then] | away from the water | a Jack Oak brush |
Winn. II.6.14 | ||||||
aīrēs’ā́gī | ēdja | wītcī́hūdjā | nĭⁿgĕ́ | mī́naⁿk‘iji | ḗdja | īniⁿxĕdḗjaⁿ |
aíres’ajε, | ë́dja | witcíhudja | nιⁿgέ | minαⁿk‘iji, | ë́dja | inιñxεdéjaⁿ |
aires’áže, | éja | wicíhuja | nįgé | miną́kiži, | éja | inįxetéžą |
they call it, | there | a growth of reeds | some | they lay, and | there | a big stone |
mīnā́ⁿkijī | edja | hiū́nīhī́rērā | hakā́rakā́naⁿk | hirā́nūgā | ḗgī | xēnaⁿkā |
minαⁿk‘iji. | ë́dja* | hi-unihírera | hak‘arak‘ánαⁿk‘ | hiránαⁿga | Ä́gi | xénαⁿk‘i** |
miną́kiži. | Éja | hi’únihìrera | hakarakónąk | hiránąga | égi | xénąka |
it lay. | There | their mother | they placed her | they did, and | [then] | the hill |
* this word should have been capitalized.
**
this is for xé-nāⁿk-gi, also followed in CW 68.26 as "xénąki (xénąk-gi ?)", where -gi means "if, when, while," which in the present context makes no sense. It therefore appears to have been a copying error from the original text's xēnaⁿkā, where nąka means, "the, this, that (in the sitting position)."
hōgī́giⁿx | naⁿgādjīārāī́rējĕ | hāhī́ūnáⁿk’uⁿ | xḗnāⁿki | |
hogígιñx | nañgadji-araírejε, | hahí | ’únañk’ûⁿ | xénañk‘i |
hogígįx | ną́gajiaraìreže.* | Hahí | ’ų́nąk’ų, | xénąki |
around | they began to run. | Finally | they did it, | the hill |
* < nąk-haji-haraireže.
tcīⁿwī́djīrḗjĕ | gī́ji | ḗgī | jēwitcīⁿhudjānúga* | hogī́giⁿx | |
tcιⁿwídjirejε, | giji. | Ä́gi | jε | witcíⁿhudjánαⁿga | hogigίñx |
cįwíjireže, | gíži. | Égi | že | wicị́hujạ̀nąka** | hogígįx |
it rumbled | [.] | [Then] | this | the growth of reeds | around |
* -núga is undoubtably a mistranscription of -náⁿka.
** CW 68.27 has, wítcịhu-djà-anąga; however, it should be analysed as wicị́hu-jạ̀-nąka.
Winn. II.5.27* | |||||
hakī́rī | naⁿk | hādjīārāī́recgū́ni | gī́jī | witcíⁿhūdjā́nañka | |
hak‘írι. | Nαⁿk‘ | hadji-araírecguni, | giji | witcίⁿ† | hudjánαga |
hakíri | nąk | hajiaraírešgùni, | giži. | Wicị́hujạ̀nąka‡ | |
they came back** | running | they began about | [.] | The growth of reeds |
* at the top of the page is written, "carax = rattle".
**
circled and connected by a line to the last word in this phrase is, "Insert pp. 25-26 here". Actually, nothing on page 25 is inserted here, and page 26 overlaps a bit with the last line of this page, as shown above.
† Winn. II.2.24 ends with this word. Pages 25-26 is our Version 1b. At the bottom of the page it says, "[continuedon page 27]". The narrative of Version 1a resumes on page 27.
‡ CW 68.27 has, witcị́ hudjá-anąga. I can find no such word as hujá, and -anąga attaches to the end of a clause to indication conjunction ("and"). Witcị refers to the reed or cattail plant, hu means "stem"; djạ is an auxiliary verb indicating the standing position; and nąka is an indexical, "this, that, these, those, the." The original reading of Winn. II.5.26-27 is essentially corect.
CW 69.27 | |||||||
hāxdjāhiōt’uⁿreji* | ḗgī | dḗdjinaⁿkce** | gī́ji | hōgī́giⁿx | naⁿgĕnāⁿkā | ||
haxdjáhi | hot’ύṇegiji | ä́gi | dedjinάⁿkcε | Giji† | hogígιnx | nañgεnαⁿk‘a | |
haxjáhi | hot’ų́negiži | égi | te | jiną́kše, | giži. | Hogígįx | nągᵉnąka |
upside down | it turned, and | and | lake | it became | [.] | Around | their running |
* as expressed in other texts, -gi- has been omitted prior to -ji.
**
this is written as, d(t)ḗdjinaⁿkce.
† in Winn. II.5.27, this word is interpreted as starting a sentence and is translated as "so."
sīkā|c’ogĕdja | hīp‘ā́ | waxoxgĕ́rā | jedjaiⁿxdjiⁿ | p‘ā́ | hināⁿcā́rāxīrĕjĕ |
sik‘áⁿ—c’ogέdja | hip‘á | waxoxgéra | jεdjaíñxdjιⁿ | p‘a | hinaⁿcaraγírejε |
sikáš’ogèja | hipá | waxoxgéra | žejaị́xjįpa | hinąšáraǧirèže, | |
[bunched] on their ankles | as far as | the shells | [that far] | they rattled* |
* CW 74.28 translates this as, ""They, however, kept on running and (waded into the water) as far as their ankles, making a sound like that heard when one steps on shells." In a note at Winn. II.6.13 verso, Radin says, "c’arax = noise made in stepping over shells, rattling".
gī́jī | ḗgi | hāhā|nānī́ | wajáⁿgānīxdjiⁿ | rāgī́-ázēgĕ | |
giji. | Ä́gi | "Haⁿháⁿ, | naní, | wajaⁿgánιxdjιⁿ | ra|gi-ázgε. |
giži. | Égi. | "Hąhą́, | naní, | wažą́ganìxjį | ragi’ázᵉge |
[.]* | And, | "Yes | mother, | no matter what happens | don't run away |
hidedjḗwa’waⁿdjĕ | rāx̣ākcānā | ḗgī | hinúⁿgenaⁿkā | nĭⁿkdjaⁿk | |
Hidadjέ | wa’ŭáⁿdjε, | raγákcαnαⁿ." | Ä́gi | hinυñgenαⁿk‘a | nίkdjɔ́ñk‘ |
hitajé | wa’ųą́je,* | raǧákšaną." | Égi | hinų́gᵉnąka | nị́kjǫk** |
very much | do it, | you cried." | And | that woman | her children |
* CW 69.29 has, waʔųádje. Given the well attested alternance áje ~ ą́je, the original reading seems preferable.
** CW 69.30 has, nị́kjąk.
hīnāⁿkārawaⁿ | mīnáⁿkcᴇ | āírēnā | ḗgī | dḗēnaⁿkā | wājōⁿkīnā́djĕrā |
hinαⁿk‘árawaⁿ, | minαⁿkcε | aírenαⁿ; | ä́gi | dέεnañk‘a | wajok‘irádjεra |
hinąkárawą | miną́kše, | aíreną.* | Égi | teénąka | wažokirájᵉra |
she is singing | she sat | [they say.] | And | the lake | different things |
* CW 69.30 has, áirena, presumably a misprint.
Winn. II.6.15 | ||||
hīnāⁿhă|djīdjiⁿp | hī́rējĕ* | naⁿgīⁿrĕ́gĭ | dĕḗrēgū́nī** | |
hináⁿhaⁿ | djidjίⁿp‘hiréjε. | "Nañgirέgi | dεéreguni," | |
hiną́hą | jijįp | híreže. | "Nągirégi | teéreguni," |
floating up | [to appear suddenly] | they did. | "Next one | this one it was," |
* this word is followed by two parallel lines: //.
** dĕḗ is followed by he which is inserted above the line. It is meant to show that dĕḗrēgū́nī comes from dĕḗ-herēgū́nī, the he having been absorbed by internal sandhi.
hīrēgā́cgĕ | haⁿkĕ | jĕsgānīgē | wanoītcge|hōkīrā́djērā | hīnāⁿhă | |
hiregácgε, | "hañk‘έ | jësgánίⁿgε." | Wani-oίtcgε | -* | hináⁿhaⁿ |
hiregášge, | "Hąké | žesgánįge." | Wani-oícge | hokirájᵉra | hiną́hą |
she thought, | "Not | this one." | Animals | different | floating up |
* omitted from Winn. II.2.27 and CW 69.32, but not from CW 74.32 ("all kinds of different").
djīdjiⁿp | hirḗjĕ | wak‘aⁿ | xĕ́dērācgĕ | hḗrējĕ | gī́jī |
djidjίⁿp | hirejε; | wak‘áⁿ | xεderácgε | hérejε. | Giji* |
jijįp | hiréže; | waką́ | xeterášge | héreže, | giži. |
[suddenly appeared] | [they did;] | snake | large | there was | [.] |
* Giji is again interpreted as beginning a sentence, and is translated as "so." This is not followed in CW 69.32.
ēgī | dḗnaⁿkā | gisĕ́wĕjē | nī́nāhādā́kdjiⁿ | kīridjēgā́djaⁿ | ḗgī | |
ä́gi | dénañk‘a | gisέwejε, | niṇa | hadák‘djιⁿ | k‘iiridjégadjaⁿ; | ä́gi |
Égi | ténąka | giséweže, | nina | hatákjį | kirijégają; | égi |
And | the lake | it was quiet | the water | very calm | it became; | and |
hŭⁿgĕ | sgāredjĭ́ⁿjaⁿ | ḗgi | haⁿbĕrā | wahīrāx̣ĕ́pcᴇ | gī́jī | ā́x̣ūkĕā́ki |
hυñgέ | sgaxdjίⁿjαⁿ. | Ä́gi | háⁿbεra | hiraγέpcê | giji | áγuk‘ε-ák‘i |
hųgé | sgąjį́žą | égi | hą́bᵉra | hiraǧépše, | gíži. | Áǧukeáki |
[Chief]* | a very white one | and | light | it appeared | [.] | The armpits |
* Winn. II.6.15 has, "dragon (water-spirit)"; CW 74.33: "a sacred one (waterspirit)".
Winn. II.1.27 | |||||
cū́djmīnaⁿgīrējĕ | gisdiⁿ´* | waŭmīⁿnaⁿgirḗjĕ | ḗgī | hotcintcinigenaⁿka | |
cudj | minάⁿgirejε, | gisdίⁿ | wa’uminάⁿgirejε | ä́gi | hotcιⁿtcιⁿnιñgεnañk‘a |
šuj | miną́gireže, | gistị́ | wa’ųminą́gireže. | Égi | hocįcị́nįgᵉnạ̀ka |
red | they were, | very round | they were. | And | the boys |
* gisdji occurs prior to this word, and a /t/ is written under the /d/.
wāūínējĕ | t’ĕhīrā́nūgā | ḗgī | ḗdjā | wīrṓk‘ŭⁿ | rúzirējĕ | ḗp‘ā |
wa-’ú-iṇejε | t’ehiránαⁿga. | ä́gi | ë́dja | wirók’υⁿ | rúzirejε | ép‘a. |
wa’úįneže. | T’ehiránąga | égi | éja | wirók’ų | rúzireže. | Épa |
they made. | They killed him, and | then | there | tools | they took. | From this time on* |
* Winn. II.6.15 has, "as far". Winn. II.5.27 makes ép‘a the last word of the sentence. This is the translation given in CW 74.36.
hōnīhājĕĕ | hīŭaⁿhū́reje* | wīrūhĭⁿtc | hīŭaⁿdjirējĕ | |
Honihá | jεέ | hi’ŭaⁿhú-irεgi, | wiruhίntc | hi’ŭaⁿdjírejε, |
honihá | žeé | hi’ųahúiregi, | wiruhị́c | hi’ųajíreže, |
songs | that | they commenced to use, | the ceremonial greetings | they began to use, |
* this form is inconsistent with the other texts.
Winn. 2.5.28 | ||||
déjĕsgĕ | c’ā́gīwāhīwira* | aírĕnā | dḗjēsgĕ | hōkīrā́gādjī́rējĕ. |
déjësgε | c’agiwahíwira | aírenαⁿ, | déjësgε | hok‘irágadjirejε. |
téžesge | š’ágiwahìwira, | aíreną. | Téžesge | hokirágajireže. |
[in this way] | our ancestors, | it is said. | Thus | they told one another. |
* c’agiuahi occurs before this word.
None of the songs that follow occur in Winnebago II, #5, or in CW.
Winn. II.6.15
Songs (nawā́ⁿrā) Sung by leaders of band giving the dance.
They are supposed to be the songs sung by
woman mentioned in text relating to her children.
The song refers to the story. The woman sings in a
Winn. II.6.16
different language (in Sauk & Fox) or in Iowa &
Winnebago. The songs can be given in any order. Three sets of songs
were sung when Blowsnake was initiated.
I – | gū́sē he he he gūse dāwīna* | (Sauk) | |
guse he he he guse dawīna | |||
guse he he he guse dawina | |||
guse he he he guse dawina | |||
guse he he he guse dawina | |||
hiawē he he he nō ho hō hō hïau?ñ | |||
guse he he he guse dawina | (four times) | ||
nĭⁿ güisē he he he |
* the first letter of dāwīna is written so as to look like a capital script /L/. Therefore, its interpretation as a /d/ is doubtful.
32 (For Phonograph.) | |
Last line of page 7 and first 5 of page 8 are here repeated. |
ḗgī | haⁿkĕ | nḗcana | hĭⁿc’ū́nīkdjānḗna | djā́năga | c’ā́giwāhiwīrā |
Égi | hąké | néšana | hįš’únįkjanéną. | Jánąga | š’ágiwahiwira |
And | not | I alone | you will (not) use me. | How many | our ancestors |
djānaⁿgā́gēre | jenuga | jĕjḗnuⁿgā | c’āgwārākdjanḗna | noⁿga |
janągágere | ženąga | žežénąga | š’ágwarakjanéną, | nąga |
as many as there are | all of them | that many | they will be your leaders, | and |
ḗgi | degī | wahānā́ⁿgeré | ḗgī | haⁿke | dĕējī | c’ā́gīwāhī́wīrā |
égi | tegi | wahánągere | égi | hąké | teeži | š’ágiwahíwira |
then | as for me | [I myself am saying it]* | and | not | [but us] | our ancestors |
* the translation has, "I am speaking".
hiⁿwī́rākĭkū́rūxĕ—kdjānēhī́rē | jēĕ́ | ḗjiḗji |
hįwírakikúruxekjanehíre, | žée | éžiéži. |
we are to follow, | [this] | then. |
In the form of an extended comment, further details are given of the Waterspirit episode.
Key —
First Row | "raw" interlinear text from Paul Radin, Winnebago III, #1: 14-16. |
Second Row | revised text from Paul Radin, Winnebago II, #5: 29, & The Culture of the Winnebago: As Defined by Themselves, 69.37-42. |
Third Row | text in current orthography. |
Fourth Row | English translation based on Winnebago II, #5: 29, & in part on that of The Culture of the Winnebago: As Defined by Themselves, 74.37-42. |
Winn. III.1.14* = Winn. II.5.29 = Winn. II.1.23 = CW 69.37 | |||||||
wirók‘una | hináⁿ | ruziregí | [β] | hicgê | jêê | horúzirejê. | maⁿṇá |
wirók‘uṇa | hináⁿ | ruzirεgí | ë́dja | hicgέ | jεέ | horúzirejε | máⁿṇa |
Wirókųna | hiną́ | ruziregí, | éja | hišgé | žeé | horúzireže, | mą́na |
Material | enough | when they got, | there | also | that | they took, | the shell** |
* as a title, Winn. II.1 has at the top of page 14, decốrok waktcexi. The second word means, "Waterspirit." The word preceding it should probably have been detcốrok, an odd blend of De Co, "Green Lake," and De Rok, "Within Lake," both names for Green Bay, Wisconsin.
** Winn. III.1.14 has "the earth", but above the line, it reads, "shell - arrow -".
wi’úiṇekdjera | sikã́c’ogêdjip‘ā | hinacárajᴇ̑náñka | maⁿṇá |
wi’u-inék‘djεra | sik‘áⁿc’ogεdjip‘a | hiṇacárajεnαⁿk‘a | máⁿṇa |
wi’ų́irekjèra. | Siką́š’ogèjipa | hinašáražᵉnąka | mą́na |
that they might use. | Up to their ankles | to rattle with the foot | the shell |
wawi’úiṇekdje[-] | jêê | [β´] | warúzirejê | mañkáⁿni |
wawi’ú-iṇek‘djεra | Jεέ | ë́dja | warúzirejε | mañk‘áⁿni |
wawi’ų́irekjèra. | Žeé | éja | warúzireže. | Mąką́ni |
they use it. | That | there | they took. | The Medicine Men |
[β] | maⁿscốcôx | hinaⁿcóγᴇnañká. | higûⁿ |
ë́dja | maⁿscɔ́cɔx | hinaⁿcɔ́γεnαⁿk‘a | higύⁿ |
éja | mąsšóšox | hinąšóǧᵉnąka | higų́ |
there | bells | that they might shuffle with their feet, | then |
* jigế is omitted by Winn. II.5.29.
jigế | jêế | [β] | horuziré[/] | wa’ú[⨪][ɜ] | maⁿswagudjê* |
-* | jεέ | ë́dja | horuzirénαⁿ | wa’únαⁿkcαnαⁿ | maⁿzŭαgudjέ |
žigé | žeé | éja | horuziréną | wa’ų́nąkšaną. | Mązwáguje |
[again] | that | there | they took | they do it. | Iron shoes |
* at the bottom of the page is written: "maⁿswagudjê = an ornament made of metal put on moccasins, and was a sign that a man could poison but wouldn't be poisoned". Above the word "ornament" is written, "diamond shape".
ā́nañka | higûⁿ | ếre[/] | jigigû́ⁿ | higû́ⁿjigigûⁿ | éjorúzire[/] | ||
άnαⁿk‘a | higυⁿ | érenαⁿ. | Jigέ | higύⁿ | -** | ë́dja | horúzirejε.† |
ánąka | higų | éreną.* | Žigigų́ | higų́žigigų | éja | horúzireną. | |
that they call | then | it is. | Again | [yet again] | there | they took. |
* the initial /h/ has been dropped from external sandhi. CW 69.38a has, higų́s‧eréna.
** Winn. II.5.29 has here, Jigέ higύ higū́ⁿ jigế higû́ⁿ.
† in the line above, the special symbol [/] indicates -naⁿ rather than -je.
wok‘áⁿwaⁿγañgêrế | tconínê | [ϕ] | [λ] | tcunína | ep‘ā |
Wok‘áⁿwañγañgεrε | tconínε | hañk‘έ | jë́sgε | tcunínαⁿ. | ép‘a |
Waką́wąǧạ̀gere | coníne | hąké | žésge | cuníną. | Épa, |
This poisoning | before | not | that kind | there was any. | From that time on, |
kik‘áⁿwañx | tc‘û́ⁿna | hijaⁿ | naⁿtcgé | dêgwáhiga | t’ehir[ρ´] |
k‘ik‘áⁿwañx | tcúnαⁿ | hijάⁿ | naⁿtcgέ | degwáhiga | t’ehiránαⁿga. |
kiką́wąx | cúną. | Hižą́ | nącgé | tegwáhiga* | t’ehiránąga |
to poison one another | there was. | One | heart | to cause to be sore | they killed, and |
* CW 69.41 has, nątcgédek‧wahìga.
hijáⁿ | wajáⁿnihijáⁿ | hixiraírëcgê | k‘aⁿwaⁿγir[ρ´] | t’anâna |
Hijάⁿ | wajáⁿnijαⁿ | hixiraírëcgε | k‘aⁿwañγiránαⁿga | t’anấnαⁿ |
hižą́ | wažą́nižą | hixiraírešge | ką́wąǧirànąga | t’anáną.* |
one | something | if they are selfish and ill-natured | they poisoned, and | he would die. |
* CW 69.41 has, t’anó‧ną. This form is attested only once.
ep‘ā | jê[λ] | tcúⁿna | jenûga. | |
ép‘a | jέ | jësgε | tcúⁿnαⁿ, | jë́nυⁿga.* |
Épa, | žéžesge | cų́ną. | Žénųga. | |
From that time on, | that kind | there was. | This is all. |
* at the bottom of the page is written:
dani, 3
___, tobacco
ecaną kikép‘ewį = selfish
mą = arrow (shell)
mą = earth
woragiguną = to be envious
For the original interlinear MS, see Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society Library, n.d.) Winnebago II, #6: 10-15, and Winnebago III, #1: 11-14; Winnebago II, #1: 20-23 (a handwritten phonetic text). Winnebago III, #12: 13-16 (typewritten text, phonetic only); Winnebago II, #5: 21-29 (typewritten phonetic text with a typewritten interlinear translation). A loose English translation is to be found in Paul Radin, The Road of Life and Death: A Ritual Drama of the American Indians. Bollingen Series V (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973 [1945]) 89-91. A text with an English translation is found in Paul Radin, The Culture of the Winnebago: As Defined by Themselves, International Journal of American Linguistics, Memoirs, 3 (1950): 68.1-69.36a, 73.1-74.41.