The Markings on the Moon (Version 2)
narrated by Reuben David St. Cyr
Interlinear Hocąk-English Text
by Albert Samuel Gatschet
Reproduced with the kind permission of the
National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Note: Gatschet's [l] has been changed to the standard [r]. Question marks in parentheses, sic (?), are those of Gatschet, all others mark uncertain readings.
p. 16 —
Žégi | ciporukéža | ną́kškone | égi | wą́kya (-ya a) | hicáwina | hakaraíkici | nákškuni. |
Once upon a time | round tent, lodge grass tent | there (it) was | and | a man | (and) his wife | living with | there they were. |
Nų́piwi | hínuk híriškuni, | égi | hą́pka | wą́k | céga | wažónina | ų́je | sážkuni. |
Two | (were) daughters theirs | and | daily | man | that | hunted | he did | all the time, then. |
Hagóreža | hínuknik | ną́ka | xetériškuni, | éki | hą́pka | hątáginac | ną́kthaškúniže. |
After this, hereupon | girls | these | became older | then | daily | they fasting | they were in the habit of. |
Hakóreša | xúnuna | weškúniže | Wáxoxge | -Hišóga | hihántaše | éškuni. | Xetéra | híške |
At once | younger (smaller) | said so: | "Shell | Spit(ter) | I dreamt of him," | she said. | The other one | she too |
p. 17 —
hihántaše | éškuni; | égi | hakǫ́reša | wakúje | ųéškune | kíkų | hiháneǧa | níke |
dreamt of him | she said, | and | at once | moccasins | to be supplied (?) | they made for themselves; | after this | somewhere |
hówa | harahitéškune or: haraíreškune. | Égi | akóreža | wą́hirégają | nixéteja |
they travelled, | I have and/or they are gone (they might have gone) | and | hereupon | while they went there | a big body of water |
há-uji | cinak, | hitéškuni; | égi | minak | hitánaǧa | wóru | -xuts | nánk | škúni; |
they came on to | the village, | he (male) said | and | they sat down | after that, | looked | around | and sitting | there (watching) |
té-e | té nąjeja | hižą́ | hówe | wájowe | ųješkúni. | Égi | Šią́gega | wa-ųješkuni. |
this | in midst of lake | some- body |
going around | in a boat (dugout) | there he was (Šiąg.) | And | Šią́gega | it was him! |
"Hįgiwankjéta," | áwišguni, | égi | giwaínišguni | gíwa | hitánųge | hínke | wánaxkų |
"Let us halloo at him," | they said, | and | they hallooed at him | they hallooed | [untrs.] | not | he did hear them, |
kíkųni | škuni | -že. | Hagóreža | hiskéxci | hinke | wanaxkų́nigi | waíreškúni; |
he made out, simulated | he did not | hear this. | Hereupon | surely | not | he did not hear them | they said; |
p. 18 —
Waxóxkehíšoga | cą́ | hingekcéna. | Žíge | gíwa | hitéškuni: | "Waxóxke | híšora, | hįkanek |
Spit-Shell | instead (of Š.) | let us call by names | Again | call him | they did | Spit | -Shell, | to cross us |
wákuruwáwax | háreǧa | wá-ižuškuni. | Égi | cíškun | hijómínank | hitéškuni, | hungú |
broken from his ear | after he had | took them in his mouth. | And | he came | they got into (the dugout) | [they did], | pretty soon |
hitárexcí káją́ | šóškų́ni, | šógają | waxóxke | híšo škúni, | hinúknanka |
afterwards | he spit, | when he spit | shells | he spit with, | the girls |
wákiko-ik hitéškuni. | Égi | uníneki | híkoro-ke-nik-ra | hocéja | wacókeregíškuni. |
tried to seize them away from (the other girl). | And | they landed | his grandmother | her house | to take them there. |
Mínank nánkškúni | hoxcanągają́. | hižá | ną́nk-hajíškune | ho-ithiánaga |
They sat down (girls, subj.) | in the evening | somebody | running-came | he looked, peeped into |
p. 19 —
wéškųnižé | Šiągénigra | Waxóxgešoga | šo-iko: | ikorohóge | warawékce | ánankšána. |
he came and said | Šiągénigra | Spit-Shell | spit | going to, gets ready to | you come to pound in a mortar | they are saying |
Hinke | wágixap-níškuni | hungų́ | žike | jiháneǧa | žíge | eškúni; | hinké hínigi |
[not] | answer, respond (not) | somebody, a messenger from the chief's tent | again | (he) came | again | and said: | when he did not come |
wá-i-reškúni; | Waxóxkešora | rašókce | ánankšana | cą́ | hikáwide; | égi | žigé | jíškúni |
they said; | Spit-Shell | you to spit they want | they say | instead (of pounding) | they are saying; | and | again | he (messenger) came |
jiáneǧa | Waxóxkešora | rašókce | ánankšana | éškuni | ho! | eškuni, | réškuni; |
he came | Spit-Shell | they want you to spit | they are | saying | all right, | he says, | he went, made a move to go |
hígatsą | círa | hó-ixciankškúniže. | Égi | hirégiži | hínunknankre | nųxana | híjowaréškuni. |
when he went | to the lodge | (it was) full (of people) there, they say. | And | when he went | the girls | snuck | and went there. |
Ną́xawa | háhi | hó-ithį | hitéškuni, | té-e | hikána | hírera | wawéra | ų́xcį | ną́kskune. |
They peeped in | go and | peeping surrepti- tiously |
(did so) | [this] | their | husbands (of the girls) | pounding | away | sitting. |
p. 20 —
Cí | hokiságica | wánk | skaxcínža | minąknakškúne, | Wexoxkéšuga | wá-ų | nákųne |
Of the lodge | in the center | man | white altogether (awful) | sitting down, seated | Spit-Shell | "it must be he," (Shell-Spitter) | sitting |
aireškúne; | hirarexcįkają́ | šoškúne, | žékų | waxóxkata | rókana | híšoškúne, | waxóxke |
they said | pretty soon after (they saw him) | he spit, | and | shells | many, lots of | he spit with, | for the shells |
háki | -kó-ikra | ų́xtsįhitéškune | híkana hírera | ų́xtsį núnige | híža | -kítanik | hó-eškúni. |
they (everybody in the tent) | grabbed | all were in a hurry | their husband (one for both) | he was in a hurry | one (shell) | only (from the whole lot) | he obtained. |
Égi | hinų́-knąka | hákarareškúni. | Ną́ | rírikra | nųpíwi | hánią kihitą́ga |
Then | (both) girls | returned to (the tent) whence they came from | (Pieces of) wood | decomposed, rotten | two there were | they took back with them (to the tent) |
hómikaki | áke | wátump híteškuni; | žékų | hiráneǧa | hákca | hákarairéškuni. |
of the bed | on both sides | they put them; | when, after (?) | they did so | back, returning | they went (dual). |
p. 21 —
Hakóreža | Waxoxkéšoga | šóra, | rúžtągi | wą́kšigeda | hakararéškuni. | Égi |
Sometimes | Spit-Shell | spit, | after finishing | the people | went home (pl.), back. | And |
hinųknánka | hókawa-hitáneǧa, | Waxóxkéžuga | nįgé | míganke-éja | hahí |
the girls (dual) | entered (the tent, lodge) | Spit-Shell | where | he was lying | they went |
mík'hitéškuni. | Šią́gega | gigíži | hókisakgeža | mínk-škúni, | ną | rírik | ną́ka |
and lay down. | Šią́gega | when got back (to the tent) | in the middle | lay down | the logs | rotten | these (two) |
rakákanaške | hóci-wáki—ų-hitégi | nágakanaške | haráxcak-hitégi | wókitekškúni |
ants | was full of | ants | bit him | he became infuriated |
rúwišnąkže | ánega | hížą | aíšawak | hipotáškúni. | Hungúžike |
pinching him, | he said | one (of the logs) | (one) elbow | pushed. | Again |
haráxcak-hitéškuni, | kácanga | wa-ína | nike | hót'ųránega | hatážą | híškune |
they bit him, | now then | the blanket | somewhere | he threw away | light, fire | he made |
t'é-e | ną́xa t'ek | wá-ų ną́kškuni | wókitekškuni | kíkawa-wąnega |
[these] | two rotten logs | they were lying | he became furious | he arose, got up |
p. 22 —
žécanga | ráganą́ga | máhi | pákų́ | jireškúni. | Žécąga | hą́pgugi | máhina |
at the time | he cried, wept | knife | to sharpen (kų = his) | he commenced, made a start. | at that time (when he had sharpened), | At dawn | his knife |
níkarackereanega | hų́k'hocira | hówa | wácawa reškúni. | Háhi | hókewekája | t'é-e | =
he carried it in his belt ("belt" not expressed) | to chief's lodge | he went | for revenging himself. | When he went | into (the chief's lodge) | there were |
hicáwiwa-hira | Waxoxkešóga | hókisak | hótump-ną́kškune. | Hitánįke | cášera |
his two wives (of Š.) | (who had) Spit-Shell | in the middle | they had between. | And all three of them | necks |
wámąšiš škúni, | wánickának | nąga | nų́xąwaškúni | hą́pcingi | húngra | wéškuni |
he cut open, | forced, put them, took in his belt | and | he hid himself | at daylight | the chief | said (long ago) |
"Híki | ną́iwináne," | hínke | híxka | hiraníškune, | wáruxinkíkcege |
"Try | to wake yourself up (all three of them) | not | move | they did | for waking them up (all three) |
p. 23 —
hicégają | té-e | wa-íra | hónįją́-nąkškune. | Hórak gíregi | wónina |
when he went, stood | there | (they were in a pool of) blood | they lay in it (sp. his two wives) | When it was told | hunted they (I not included) |
haną́c | hįbireškúni | hakoréžan | ų́nakų | hi-ereškuni, | žégų |
all (the people and the chief) | everyone went, took a hand in, the hunting | sometimes | when hunting in this effort | they found him (the murderer), | and |
rúkąkąš híranų | negé | wánk rá | hówakeréškuni, | égi | waíréškuni. |
grabs without effect | while they | skyward, above | he ascended, went, | and | they said (all), |
Kécangéka | "Hágiuguwíre." | Jigiži | ną́wą́ | tohireškúni | hóke xárare-éškuni, |
Mr. Turtle | "Go fetch him." | When he came | to sing | he began | (archaic) |
Šią́gega | wągéja, | hági | zázek | nihéra | háruxa | cą́tę | háreškuni, | "Rášipbi |
Šią́gega | up above, | after (this flight?) | (on account of distance) very small | once (then) | he began | to appear | more | "Get him down (miraculously) |
kcinéna," | ánankškúni. | Harúxa | áške | kiriškuni, | gájanga | círahexciéja |
he will," | so they said. | He began | nearer | to come, | when | he passed above the lodge there |
p. 24 —
kírigi | gúc | ná-i | hiranų́nige, | Kécangega | roxiškuni; | žécanga | aíkiją ji jeá |
he came, arrived | shoot | all | tried (to shoot) him | Mr. Turtle | he forbid them | pretty soon | within arm-reach he came |
nągá | Kécangega | sí kąja | há rukas híkšege | rúkągąškáją | híšcara | hóresíri |
arrows and | K. | by the ankle (from the ankle up to calf) | tried to get hold | he tried to seize in vain | in his face | defecated |
žékų | hiáneǧa | wángra | howakereškúni. | Égi | hikórokenigra | wákeše | aírena, |
after (doing it) | doing it | above, skyward | he returned (in moon afterwards). | And | to his grandmother | he said, | they say, |
hą́hewi-ną́kre | éja, | "Hówakere | kcįneže," | eškúni, | éki | žékų | kúc |
moon (wingre, "this" of sun and moon) | at (where the moon is) — | "He was giving | back," | he said, | and | after | shoot |
hiránunge, | iįxcį́ | hiranųnige, | žékų | wągéca | hágixawaníškuni. | Éske |
they did it in vain | they tried | to hit him in vain | then | above | he disappeared. | That is |
hąhewéja | wánkšik | hájajáne | Šią́ngega | wá-ųježe | aírena. | Žéjana. |
why in the moon | person | we are seeing now | Šią́ngega | it is he | they say. | The end of it. |
Gatschet's Notes:
hicáwi, wife
hínuk, woman
hínukra rókana, many women
hínuk wacik, young woman not married, and spinsters
hakaraíkici — hižą́hakíci hajéna, I live with somebody
hámbukai (ókahi), every day
hámbiže, day
hą́p, háp, day
hám té-e, today
hą́he, night
hą́he ókahi, every night
wažą wániątséna, I am hunting
wažóni, hunter
wažóni xéte ha-ų́wina, we had a big hunt
hínuk niki, one girl,
niki, pl. nigra, young
hinuknikita róha, many girls
žéske hihéna, I say so
hihéna, I said
Hišóga — hašónakšena, I am spitting
hą́te mákšana, I am dreaming
hą́te, dream
hątéga, dreamer (not used)
xéte, big, is better than
xáte, xáte, as in šúnk xate, horse
há-uji — háwuji, to run onto quick without knowing.
tahá-ų, I travel that way.
há-un hahígają́, while I traveled thus.
wóru-xuts nánk — wótuxuxuts nánkšena, I am looking around sitting.
té nąjeja — té, lake; ną́jeja, in middle of.
hižą́ — hižą́náxkųna, I hear somebody.
hį́ke (not) náxkųne (hear) hakikóne, I simulate —- not hear him.
Hįgiwankjéta — wą́, to haloo, hawą́jéna, I halloo.
cinak — village; city. of ci, house,
cinak xatéža, large city.
hingekcéna — Johnga hinigéna; my name is John, I call you John.
wažánizá ną́ca warégi túwax, I break from my ear;
túwax, I break a string.
wakúru, oneself?
wá-ižuškuni — wayážu, I take into my mouth.
híšo škúni, — hašó, I spit, I spit on, yášo, I spit with something.
wákiko-ik — I try to take, hi-ųjá, I try.
uníneki — uane nakšana, I am landing.
híkoro — coká, grandfather; hicúške, grandson, nephew.
wá ciéja, my house, where I live!
hóra ciéja, your house, cí, círa, house.
néxci waciéja, my own home, whether I live there or not.
hociéja, his, her house.
waciwéja, our house.
horaciwéja, your house.
hociréja, their house.
cwánina, my houses.
ciwašínina, your houses.
ciwánina, his houses.
cihiwaníwina, our houses.
ciwšíniwina, your houses.
ciwanínera, their houses.
ną́ wánina, my tree.
ną hašínina, your tree.
ną hánina, his, her tree.
wacókelegíškuni — wacwákere, "I go first and others follow."
hoxcanągają — hoxcána, evening.
hoxtánanig witíte (< wira wiríre), sunset.
witáxep (< wira háxep), sunrise.
wí, wíta, wíra, sun.
hą́he wíta (wira), moon (hánhe, night).
ną́nk-hajíškune — hának'haji, I come running.
hának háhank wína, we are running (dual & plural).
ho-ithiánaga — waíthi hajéna, I am peeping.
wéškųnižé — hajiáneǧa hajéna, I came and said.
-že, they said, ferunt.
Šiągénigra Waxóxgešoga šo-iko: ikorohóge warawékce — "Š. come over and pound the mortar, because Spits Shells is going to spit."
Šią́genigra — -nigra, is young, baby, said of baby birds. of -niki, -nik, young, plural. (36) Now called the "Son of God." After going away he promised the people to return and be henceforth man in the moon. (73)
wáwe nakšána, I pound a mortar sitting.
warawékce, you come to grind with that thing (mortar) only
ánankšána. — hihanákšana, I am saying.
húnk, chief.
húnkra róra, chiefs-many.
húnk cóne, head chief.
wánkšik húnk, Indian chief.
rašókce — našókce ke wáhajéra, I want you to spit, in a standing position.
hatex hajéna, I piss standing.
šo-ikoróhoge, going to spit (getting ready to spit)
hó-ixciankškúniže — nápana hoíxcina, the basket is full.
hánuxą, to keep secret.
ráre, you go.
réra, he goes.
tekcináwina, we go.
šerekcinéna, ye go.
haraírikcinéna, they are going.
hó-ithį — wá-ithį hajéna, I peep in standing.
hikána hírera — hikána, her husband; hírera, of two wives.
híjowaréškuni — hijáwatena, I go there.
hokiságica — in the middle, center of
šunk-xátoci hokísagica, in the center of the barn ("horse ouse")
ská, white
šúcínža, redder than others compared
póro poro xcin(ža), rounder than other balls
wá-ų — (the person talked about)
éškune, one girl said
hirarexcįkają́ — hirare, is part of, pretty soon; not used by itself .
rókana — has to be there to make wax. — plural!
híšoškúne — hi-, instrumental prefix
kó-ikra — hakiko-ik, to grab (used in plural of subj. only)
—wina, I am grabbing
ų́xtsįhitéškune — yakųe, I am in a hurry
hikúhe wá wąjína, I am in a hurry
-xtsį- is a particle not used by itself
hitéškune. he ran hard, but was beaten; unavailingly (?)
wijúk | yą́šána | hajána |
cat | only | I saw |
hó-eškúni — wa-éna, I obtain; hižą, one; hižą kíta, only one. (cf. žekírę)
hákarareškúni — hakarahéna, I return where I came from
decomposed, rotten — the wood is rotting; they cannot say that
hinúmike, both
nųpiwi, two were
nųp, two
hánią kihitą́ga — hanią́kere, I take back with me
hómikaki — couch, place of bed for lying down
wátump — hátump, I put to a place
hákere, I go back
tušcą, I finish, come to an end
hagígiži, when I get back
hagígi, I get back
haráxcak — hižą hatáxcak, I bite somebody
wókitekškúni — wóyitek, I get mad
rúwišnąkže — Š. when feeling the ants he thought the two girls were pinching him.
túwišana, I pinch him
aíšawak hipotáškúni — aíšawak hipuáta ną́, I pushed him with the elbow
ną́ (past) is also striking
wastunt'e, I am throwing (blanket, not string)
íniže ha-unehájena, I throw a stone standing
hátaža hajéna, I make a light
nánxa, log
t'ék, rotten
t'é, dead; níup, alivewaką́ t'eža, a dead snake
waką́ t'era róha, many dead snakes(t'era cannot stand alone)
róha, manywa t'éhi korohóge, he gets ready to kill
wa t'ehi ga korohóge, I get ready to kill
wai psinc ya korohóge, I get ready to thrash
yakoróge, I get ready
kíkawa-wąnega — hakíkawa-ų, I rise, get up
pákų́ — pá-ų nákšena, I sharpen (a knife, máhi)
hawą́jite, I commence
túšcaną, I finish
hųgǫ́ hawą́jena, I continue doing (being around, -j-)
haíne, morning
hoxcána, evening
wíta háxep ną́kšana, the sun is rising (sitting)
wíta hira ną́kšana, the sun is setting
hámbra huhéna, daylight is breaking (huhéna, coming)
níkarackereanega — niánckere, I carry in my belt
wákewe, to get in
ho-, where the chief (hunk) lives
wacáwe, I go for revenge
wirokó-iskina, thanks I give you
wáwa, I go
hówa, he went
cíža wakéwina, I went into the lodge
hókisak — hokísageja haminkšána, they lie between two (objects)
táni, three
hitánike, all three
pónank, whole
wámąšiš škúni — wámanše, I cut off
wánickának — nią́ckanak, I put in my belt
prefix wa-: many things
nų́xąwaškúni — nuą́xawa, I hide myself
yákį mákšena, I get awake
yaxkąxką nákšana, I move about
túxink, I wake (one) up
wáruxink, I wake (more than one) up
wáruxinkíkcege — he was going to, but did not do it, because they were dead
wa-íra honiją = mákšaną, I lay; the in blood (one), ną́kšk- refers to 2, 3, or many
hižę´ wánią išéna, I hunt somebody, pl. obj.
hížke wánią išéna, pl subj & obj
hížke wánią jówina, we hunt them
hįbireškúni — hórok himpan, I help, take a hand in
yá-ena, I found it
yá-a, I find
(some archaic words in it)
rúkąkąš híranų — for all their grabbing
hówakeréškuni — wawákere, I ascend, go up
kécank, turtle
-ga, -ka appended to proper names: Dorseyga
Hágiuguwíre — hakuténa, I go and fetch
ną́wą́ — ną́wą nákšera, 1 sing. / pl. -ną́k-
zázek — zázek nik cait'ína, I appear very small
háruxa — when not an act, but an appearance is concerned: to begin
hári, far
huskája hári, far out in the prairie
rášipbi — hakitášip, I get myself down
áške — áške hajína, I come nearer
kírigi — kígi, when he went home, to his place
gúc — hagúc, I shoot; pl obj wáguc
a-, arm
a-ikiją, arm-reach
hóresíri — reásiri, I shit [sic], ho-, into his face
yáke, I said
híhe, I say
(where the moon is) — because the sun and moon stand still
hágixawaníškuni — híxawane, I disappear
hájajáne — hajánegre, I see now
Albert Samuel Gatschet, Linguistic and Ethnological Material on the Winnebago, Manuscript 1989-a (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives, 1889, 1890-1891) 16-24. Informant: Reuben David St. Cyr.