Hocąk Text — Death Enters the World

narrated by Jasper Blowsnake

English Translation

Original Texts: | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |

The following are Greek letters and other symbols used as morpheme abbreviations in Radin's text. Their values mostly correspond to those given in Radin's notebook Winnebago II, #6, on the interstitial page between 107/108:

Nota bene: the first line is the text of Winnebago III, #4: 18-25. The second line is the revised text. It is largely based on CW (used to abbreviate Paul Radin, The Culture of the Winnebago: As Defined by Themselves, International Journal of American Linguistics, Memoirs, 3 (1950): 27.305-29.379). However, the reading of CW is sometimes an analysis. In those cases the original text of Winn. III, #4 is preferred, with an analysis given in a footnote. Where this latter text indicated vowel length, these values were restored to the revised text. Frequently, the translation, where found in Winn. III, #4, was preferred over that of CW, since the latter frequently strays from a close translation to a paraphrase for the sake of avoiding stilted English.

* < wíra-hires’àže.

* < raš wa’ųžé.

* just prior to this word, CW has, "(hodjá-?)".
† CW has "hatcą́gadją (?)". The word hatcaⁿ´[ɜ´] should be transliterated as hacąšána, but that means, "wherever". On the other hand, although hacą usually means "where," there is one case in which it meant "what."

* CW has a typo here: waratdje.

* CW has djagugadją.
† both these sentences in CW have been placed in double brackets.
‡ this sentence (311a) has been lined through with a wavy line.
# < nįkuhą́-eja, and so entered in CW.

* the initial /h/ was lost to external sandhi.

* the initial /h/ was lost to external sandhi.
† tcírobê´dja occurs just before this word.

* < hihínap-haràirega.
† CW adds, "(wa’į-pa-hokikurucų?)".

* /w/ is written above the second /w/, apparently for clarification.
† the bar-over-dot symbol has a superscripted /o/ conjoined to it indicating -nok-, or -nǫk-. CW, however, has -nak-, whereas the normal form here would be -nąk-.

* CW omits the -že.

* the initial /y/ of the second compound is lost to sandhi.
† the superscripted /u/ suggests, hinųbḗjanųka.
‡ CW has wažą́-hižą hirapérez-nìže, with "(wają́nijį)" following wažą́-hižą.

* the initial /h/ was lost to external sandhi.
† above original letters /u/ were written the letters /o/.
‡ followed by "(xonúnąka)" in CW.

* CW follows this word with "(wają́nijį)". This odd phonological ending may have been influenced by the initial /hi/ of the following word. In fact, the initial /hi/ of the succeeding word has been lined out, suggesting a ligature with the preceding word.

* CW has, wają-yapéres.-nakcaną (wajį-).

* at the top center of the page is written:

* < wažą-hironą́se.
† < hahí hokawaíreže.

* < hąké-hixganìną.
† < higų́-hąke.
‡ the initial /y/ (< hi) was lost to external sandhi.

* < djasge-haraíranihéra, the initial /h/ of the second compound was lost to internal sandhi.
† the first /a/ in this word has an /o/ written above it. CW has hawaraíranije.

* < wažą-nį-yapérēs-hanìnąkšaną.

* < wažą-hižą-hipères-nąkgùni.

* CW has, wigéjegiji." (including the quotation mark).
† < máni-hakaraìreže. The initial /h/ of the second element of the compound was lost to internal sandhi.

* it's not clear what the mid-level dot (•) was supposed to have indicated, as the CW text ignores it.
† CW as hagidjá rehíje.

* < hahąhéra-hinąkše.
† following this word, another word is scribbled out.
‡ < hąbᵋra hiraicera.

* < hąké hixgąníną.
† where the /w/ is situated, a letter is scribbled out and /u/ written above it. However, /w/ is then written above the /u/. CW uses /w/.
‡ CW deletes a /wa/ from howé[wa]wahągwìną.

* CW has mądją́.
† this might also mean, "they uttered".

* CW, probably in a typo, omits the second /k/. Cf. karakjąpjįnąk’ų (K L Kttl litti nK Koo), "he was looking for him very anxiously."

* the final /u/ ends in a strange flourish that is apparently meant to represent the missing syllable hįc.

* CW has wą́k.-hidjànąka (> wą́gijànąka). Cf. also from Jasper Blowsnake, ’uą́gejajega (ow Ke tt tte K), "the one on the end." Hija means, "there", whereas heja can mean "top" or "roof" and therefore is more akin to a sense meaning "at the end."
† forms of this word substituting a /u/ for the /o/ exist, but are less common that the /o/ variants. CW has hiroágeni, to which compare Helmbrecht-Lehmann, hiroágnį, "last."

* appending, -hihíwira, "'our', used with kinship terms" (Gatschet), to hikōroke, by sandhi, should yield hikōrokihíwira (as in the original transcript), whereas CW has hikōrokehíwira.

* literally, "evil insects," or even more fundamentally, "evil creeping creatures."
† CW, following the original transcript, has an unattested karat’ą́p in place of the standard karat’ų́p.
‡ < žēsge-háwa’ų, as given in CW.
# < méžēsge-horawawíną. Rather than me žēsge, mežēsge is standard.

Source:

Paul Radin, The Road of Life and Death: A Ritual Drama of the American Indians. Bollingen Series V (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973 [1945]) 320. Paul Radin, The Culture of the Winnebago: As Defined by Themselves, International Journal of American Linguistics, Memoirs, 3 (1950): 27.305-29.379. For the original interlinear text, see Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Winnebago III, #4: 18-25, Freeman #3890 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.).