Hocąk Text — The Journey to Spiritland, Version 1b

narrated by J. F. [John Fireman ?]

The following are Greek letters and other signa used as morpheme abbreviations in Radin's original text. The corrected MS of Winnebago III, #3: 103-107 can be used as a kind of Rosetta Stone for interpreting their values:

α β γ ɜ θ λ ρ
égi éja giži -šaną jánąga žesge ánąga

ὐ ψ ϕ ω X
-nįk gają, hąké žigé wąk, wąg

[ɕ] [9] ·| | - ⨩ ⨪
-xjį -žą -kje -ną -(e)ra hire -nąk

In the interlinear text where the translation is missing, it has been supplied whenever possible from the English text of the typed translation at Winnebago III, #3: 49-51. Where a missing translation has been supplied from other sources, it is enclosed in brackets, [ ].

Key —
First Row "raw" text from Paul Radin, Notebook 77, p. 11-14, 19-21.
Second Row revised text based on the revised MS text of Winnebago III, #3: 103-107.
Third Row English translation based on the interlinear text of Winnebago III, #3: 49-51, and the published translation of The Winnebago Tribe (WT).

Style. Despite the brevity of this story, there are a number of unusual stylistic points.

The typical sentence terminators -že and -ną are unusually uncommon, being replaced by a higher frequency of -ra in that role.
The common use here of Ánąga égi to begin a sentence is very rare elsewhere.

English Translation

 

Notebook 77, p. 12.1* = Winnebago III, #3: 103.1 = Winnebago III, #3: 49.1 —
hąhó-o-o-o nanáñxgųdjécguni[2]† nañghirág-waxopíni kisge
Hąhó-o-o-o! Naną́xgųješgúniže. Nąǧirág-waxopíni kisge‡
I greet you. Surely you are listening. Ghost-spirit like
*the following account is given the title, "IV wanaghi tcínañk" ("ghost village").
†the /x/ is inserted above the line, but in the revised text of Winnebago III, #3: 103.1, it was not copied.
‡this word is followed in Winnebago III, #3: 103.1 by "[hikisge]".

 

 

rakiridjégadją [θ] hokíkikarádj[-] maįhágeregí wanądjodjaį́sge
rakirijégają. Jánąga hokíkikarájera mąihágeregí wanąjojaį́sge
you have become. [All] your clansmen [here on earth] to be pitiable

 

 

wawárakaragic'ų́ną, wowázip warakáragira. Warúdj[-] pįnígi
wawárakaragiš'ų́ną, wowázip warakáragira. Warújera pįnígi
you have made them, lonely they made them. The food well

 

 

'ų[ɕ]r[ρ´] hakaranimaninigir[ρ´] daníhura, daníra,
'ųxjįranąga hakaránimanínigiránąga taníhura, taníra,
they did it, and they made you take it along with you, and the pipe, the tobacco,

 

 

wirórag[-] wiróragic'uñkcé[-] wodá[-]† tconíxdjina
wiróragera, wiróragiš'ųkšéra. Wotára conixjįra
the messenger, [use them to send a message.]* Request the very first
*the translation at Winnebago III, #3: 49.4 has, "and this you will use in order to-obtain-blessings", and the interlinear has, "ask for blessings you use them with".
†before the dash, /k/ has been crossed out. Above the last syllable /rák/ has been written to (incorrectly) indicate that the word is worak. In the English line, this has been corrected by the word "story" having been crossed out and the word "request" written after it.

 

 

Notebook 77, p. 13.5 —
worakíkaradj[-´] wonághirera maį́hágerégi hi'ų́nekdjéra. [α]
worakíkarajera wonąǧírera mąihágeregi hi'ų́rekjéra. Égi
your clan warfare on the earth they will use. And

 

 

[X]cígo-'įna djasgé[ɕ] horaícdjącererá maįhagerégi hi'ųinánihekdjéga.
wąkšígo'į́na jasgéxjį horaíšjąšerera mąihágeregi hi'ųiránihekjéga.
life how much you have left behind on the earth they will use.

 

 

[α] [ω] wają́ra [θ] horaícdjącererá
Égi žigé wažą́ra jánąga horaíšjąšererá
And again the things [as many as there are] that you left behind

 

 

wają́waraga maįhagerégi hi'úįnekdjé[-] [ρ] [α]
wažą́waraga mąihágeregi hi'úįrekjéra. Ánąga égi
your relatives [on the earth] [they would use.] And then

 

 

Winnebago III, #3: 50.8 —
warudj[-] [θ] caragą́cererá, jée hagerarégi
warujera jánąga šaragą́šererá, žée hageráregi
the food all you will miss from now on, this behind you

 

 

Winnebago III, #3: 104.8 —
maį́hagerégi wają́waragá hi'uinánihekdjéra. [ρ] [α]
mąihágeregi wažą́waraga hi'uįránihekjéra. Ánąga égi
on earth your relatives they they will forever use. And then

 

 

wodára méjesgícekdjéną hirukónonañka hiraráhi[γ´] wodára
wotára méžesgíšekjéną, hirukónonąka hiraráhigiži, wotára
request that you will say, he who has charge of when you reach him, request

 

 

mé[λ] ádji danihura niñgihíñ[γ] waragé[·|]
mežesge áji tanihúra nįgihį́giži, waragékje.
this you must say the pipe if he smokes, you'll speak to him.

 

 

Notebook 77, p. 19.10* —
[ρ] [α] mącínicerekdjanáre [ϕ]agá hakdją́benią́dje.
Ánąga égi mąšínišérekjanáre hąkagá hakjąbeniáje.
And then this walk you're going to take never do not look behind.
*in the middle of p. 13, at the end of sentence 9, the text is interrupted with a large caret beneath which is written "[cf pp 19,7]". At the lower half of p. 19, a new paragraph begins with, "Omitted pp 13,8." Then there is a large caret above which is written, "¶ 10". After this begins the sentence, "[ρ] [α] mącínicerekdjanáre ..." (etc.).

 

 

wają́niją tcowerá haniñgirutcé[γ] carakúnuñk raicére[·|]
Wažą́nižą cowerá hanį́girucégiži, šarakúnųk raišérekje.
Anything in front if it passes by you, you cut it in two you'll go on.

 

 

[ρ] [α] haciniraicgu[ρ´] [ϕ] hakdją́beni
Ánąga égi hašíniraišguánąga hąké hakją́beni,
And then you'll pick it up, and not to not look back,

 

 

hagerégi hot'ųrádje [ρ] [α] je
hagerégi hot'ųráje. Ánąga égi že
back throw it. And then this

 

 

raicéregiji. [α] [β] c'uą́nahigádją [β]
raišéregiži. Egi éja š'uą́rahigáją éja
[you are going to.] And there as you go along there

 

 

dje[·|][-] [X]íją [X]woíkikax'ų. [ρ] [α]
jekjéra wągížą wągewoíkikax'ų. Ánąga égi
he will be a human he'll have on a man's dress. And then

 

 

Notebook 77, p. 20.15 —
warage[·|] tcoka dánihu[-] deére[-] hirage[γ]
waragékje, "Cóka, tánihura teérera". Hiragégiži,
you'll say, "Grandfather, the pipe it is this". When you say to him,

 

 

wainą́beniñgikiñ[·|][-] warage[·|][-] tcokagá we[|] hatcañka
wa'iną́benįgikį́kjera. Wáragekjéra, "Cókaga wéną, hacą́ka
he will thank you. You will say to him, "Grandfather he said, which

 

 

wáradé[·|][γ] hinigipañghíkdje e[|´] [γ] waníñge[·|][-]
wáragekjégíži,* hį́nigipąǧíkje éną," giži. Wánįgekjéra,
I will take, that I should ask of you, he said" [.] He will say to you,
*Winnebago III, #3: 104.17 has wáragekdjégíji ("you will take it").

 

 

deáñgirére[|] hiniñge[·|][-] [γ] eoracere[·|][-]
"Teą́giréreną," hinįgekjéra giži. E hórašerekjéra,
"Here it is," he'll say to you [.] Then you will go,

 

 

Winnebago III, #3: 105.20 —
nañgotcagíghąkédjega hoiratcg[β´]djega hocícig[-] hirákeré[|] hoicaroídjadjega
ną́gocagíǧąkéjega. Hoiracgéjajega hošíšigera hirákeréną; hoišároijajega*
that cross road. The one to the left the bad one it reaches; to the right
*Winnebago III, #3: 105.20 has hoicóraidjadjega.

 

 

eoracere[·|][-] cere[γ] c'ųnahígadją tcipóroke
e hórašerekjéra, šeregíži. Š'ųrahigáją, cipóroke
that you will travel, when you go. As you go along, oval lodge

 

 

xedéją hiraráhikdjéra [α] daníhu[-] hinagigí[γ]
xetéžą hiraráhikjéra. Égi taníhura hiragigígiži,
a large one you will come. And the pipe when you make her smoke,

 

 

hiniñgi'úñ[γ]* warage[·|´] kuniká hirage[·|´] hidókenįgíją
hinįgi'ų́giži, waragékje, "Kúnika," hiragékje hitokénįgižą
if you make her, you will say to her, "Grandmother," you'll say to her an old woman
*/hi/ is inserted above the line with a caret.

 

 

tcokagá [τ] djiré nañgigikdje e[|]
"cokagá žegų* jiré nągigíkje éną,"
"grandfather [thus] to pass by you would let me he said"
*Winnebago III, #3: 105.22 has giji.

 

 

[γ] [τ] [⨩][|]* gi'ų[·|][-] [γ]
giži. Žégų hiréną gi'ųkjéra, giži.
[.] [Now] [it is done], she will do it [.]
*the ⨩ has /hire/ written in small letters above it.

 

 

[τ] cere[γ] hatcį́dja wanaghí tcinañge[-]
Žégų šeregíži, hacįja wanąǧí ciną́gera
Then you are going on where ghosts the village

 

 

[⨪]ijí [β] rahigí wanąghi wirukónánoñká
nąkgiži. Eja rahigí, wanąǧi wirukónanąka
it is. There when you came, ghost the one who is in control of them

 

 

danihura hiracáwaha[·|´] Nigíhiñ[γ´] warage[·|´] wodára
tanihúra hirašáwahakje. Nigihįgíži, waragékje wotára
the pipe you should hand it to him. If he smokes it for you, you will say request

 

 

Notebook 77, p. 21.26 —
djagu enicí[-] [λ] hice[·|´]
jagú e nišéra žésge hišekjé.*
what him I told you to say, thus you must speak.
*Winnebago III, #3: 105.26 has hicekdjéra.

 

 

Winnebago III, #3: 51.27 —
wawákikaradj[-´] [θ] wająwahá[-] maįhag[β´] wanądjodjaį́sge
"Wawákikarajera,* jánąga wažą́wahara mąihagéja, wanąjojaį́sge
"The clan I belong to, all my relatives on earth, pitiable
*Winnebago III, #3: 105.27 has wawákiradjera.

 

 

wawak'aragi'ų́[|] wowázip wakaragí[-] tcokagá wodára
wáwakaragi'ų́ną. Wowázip wakaragíra. Cokagá wotára
I made them. Lonely I made them. Grandfather request

 

 

dé[λ] hihekdjé e[|] tcokaga wé[|]
težésge hihekjé éną. Cokagá wéną,
these I should make he said. Grandfather he said,

 

 

wonághire[-] woirukípina* wapaíniñkdjį‡‡
woną́ǧirera woirukípųna† wapaínįkjį
[the wars] honors‡ they'll bring heads
*the last syllable /pina/ is hypercorrected, with a caret below the /i/ and /u/ written above it, and /ą/ written above the final /a/. The word woirukípina is a variant of woirokipina, "honors".
†Winnebago III, #3: 105.28 has woirukípųną. Following this word, Radin has inserted "[woirukípųra ?]".
‡the interlinear text has the translation, "that be asked for by me". Winnebago III, #3: 51.28 has the looser translation, "that I should beseech you".
‡‡/x/ is written above the /k/, but only to show that -kdjį is a variant of -xdjį.

 

 

wañgerodjį́birekdje [ρ] [α] [ω] [X]cígo'į́na
wągirojį́birekje.* Ánąga égi žigé wąkšígo'įra
they will come just in front of him.† And then again life
*< wąk-hirotįp´-ire-kje.
†the interlinear text adds, "with heads [for the old men]". At the top of the page Radin adds the following which he connects to the translation here with a line: "The ghost is requesting for the old man, scalps etc. As he is too old to go on the warpath the younger people should present them to him."

 

 

djasgé[ɕ] waicdjąhúra édja maįhag[β´] wają́waha[-]
jasgéxjį waišjąhúra éja mąihagéja, wažąwahára
whatever I left behind there on earth, my relatives

 

 

Winnebago III, #3: 106.29 —
hi'úinekdje [α] [X]cík tciorogarégi wająníne[-]
hi'úįrekje. Egi wąkšík ciorogaregi wažąnínera
they will use. And human [within this village] what things they have

 

 

[θ] waícdjąhu[-´] maįhag[β´] hi'úinekdje warudj[-´]
janąga waíšjąhúra mąihagéja, hi'úįrékje. Warújera
all that I have left on earth, they will use. Food

 

 

[θ] dagąc´* hugí jee wająwahá[-]
janąga tagąš´ hugí, žee wažąwahára
all I missed [if it remains,] this my relatives
*the /o/ is written above the line over the second /a/.

 

 

maįhag[β´] hi'úinekdje wajókiwánina hañkigaįrodjį́ [α]
mąihagéja hi'úįrékje, wažókiwánina. hąkigaįrojį́* égi
on earth they will use, my relations. Not a long while† here
*< hąké-hižą-hirojį́.
†at the bottom of the page, Radin adds the following note which is connected to the translation by a line: "i.e. none should die".

 

 

djiníñkdje me[λ] nįgidákdje aíreną.
jinįkje, mežésge nįgitákje," aíreną.
they will not come, this I was to ask you," [it is said.]

 

 

Notebook 77, p. 13.32* —
Hąhó-o-o-o-o ha-e! tcokága huiakárohora wają́
Hąhó-o-o-o-o ha-e! "Cokaga, huiakórohora,† wažą́wahará
Hąhó-o-o-o-o ha-e! "Grandfather, when I was coming, my relatives
*after page 21, the text resumes on page 13.
†< hu-yakórohora.

 

 

wanądjodjaį́sge warakaragíc'ų wanąghí wirukónonoñka
wanąjojaį́sge." Warakaragíš'ų, Wanąǧí-wirukónonąka
to be pitiable." Humbly you made them say it, Ghost Controller

 

 

Notebook 77, p. 14.33 —
warage[·|´] danihurá niñgihįíñ[γ] tcóka, tcokagá
waragékje, tanihúra nįgihį́gíži. "Cóka, cokagá
you will say to him, the pipe when he smokes. "Grandfather, my grandfather

 

 

me[λ] hihékdje éną Hokikarádj[-] [θ]
mežésge hihékje éną. Hokikarájera jánąga
this you will say, he said. My clan all

 

 

wanądjodjaį́sge wawákaragi'ų́ra maį́hag[β´] djagúcaną
wanąjojaį́sge; wawákaragi'ų́ra mąihagéja, jagúšaną
to be pitied; I would that they could use it on earth, [just what]

 

 

waicdjąhurá maį́hag[β´] hi'ųránihek'dje* wodá tconiñxdjina,
waišjąhúra mąihagéja. Hi'ųránihekje. Wotá conįxjį́ra
that I left behind on earth. They'll use it. Request the very first one
*this word is written in smaller letters above a lined out heorárihékdje.

 

 

woną́ghire[-] hi'ųnánihekdjé[-] hop'iówaírekdje [α]
woną́ǧirera hi'ųránihekjéra, hopįowaírekje. Égi
the wars that they will use, they'll have good luck through it. And

 

 

[X]cikho-įna djasgé[ɕ] waícdjąhura wają́wahara maį́hag[β´]
wąkšigo'į́ra jasgéxjį waišjąhúra, wažąwahára mąihagéja
life [as much as] that I left behind, my relatives on earth

 

 

hi-unánihekdjé [θ] wają́ woikíkágh[-]* dagąc´
hi'ųránihekjé. Jánąga wažą́ woikíkaǧera tagąš´†
they will use. All things clothing I left behind
*an initial /h/ is scribbled out and a /w/ written above it; an /i/ is inserted above the line between the /o/ and the /k/.
†Winnebago III, #3: 107.37 has dugąc´.

 

 

Winnebago III, #3: 107.37 —
hu[γ´] jejénuga maį́hag[β´] hi'ųirékdje warúdjera
hugíži, žežénųga mąihagéja, hi'ųirékje; warújera
when I came, [that much] on earth, they would use; the food

 

 

[θ] dagąc´ hu[γ´] jesganą́tcį[ɕ]
jánąga tagąš´ hugíži, žesganą́cįxjį.
all I left behind when I came, [all of that sort.]

 

 

egiąkagínųbóhǫna xap'gé [ϕ]
Égi hąkága hinųbóhąra xápge hąké
And never a second time soon not

 

 

hiją uníñkdje mé[λ] niñgidákdje aíreną.
hižą 'únįkje. Méžesge nįgitákje, aíreną.
one [it would not be done.]* These I would ask of you, it is said.
*the following is written at the bottom of the page and attached to the translation by a long line: "i.e. I ask (?) the next one won't die so soon

 

 

[hąhó-o-o-o-há-a-a]*
Hąhó-o-o-o, há-a-a."
Hąhó-o-o-o, há-a-a."
*the brackets are in the text, and are followed by, "(all say it)".

 

Source:

The original interlinear text is found in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 77: 11-14, 19-21. A neatly written corrected MS is found in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago III, #3: 103-107. A typed English translation is found in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago III, #3: 49-51. A loose English translation is found in Paul Radin, The Winnebago Tribe (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990 [1923]) 99.