Hotcâk Lexicon
48,500 Entires

[al] Aleck Lonetree, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Freeman #3867 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) III, #17, pp. 1-20. Title in this collection: "A Man's Revenge."

[b-G] The Book of Genesis in John Stacy and Jakob Stucki, Bible: Four Gospels, Acts, Genesis, and Exodus (Chs. 19 and 20), translated into the Winnebago Indian Language (New York: American Bible Society, 1907).

[b-LK] The Gospel of Luke in John Stacy and Jakob Stucki, Bible: Four Gospels, Acts, Genesis, and Exodus (Chs. 19 and 20), translated into the Winnebago Indian Language (New York: American Bible Society, 1907).

[br] Charles E. Brown, Lake Mendota Indian Legends (Madison: State Historical Museum, 1927) 2-3.

[bg] List of Winnebago Words from Ebr. Bingham's Account Book, 1831-33. Contained in Thomas J. George, Winnebago Vocabulary, 4989 Winnebago (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, 1885). Originally from the collections of the [Wisconsin] State Historical Society.

[bp-A] John Baptiste (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 172-186. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Abduction and Rescue of Trickster."

[bp-P] John Baptiste (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago V, #7, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) 93-104. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Pointing Man."

[bp-TA] John Baptiste (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 104-151. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Trickster's Anus Guards the Ducks."

[bp-TB] John Baptiste (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 27-39. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Trickster's Buffalo Hunt."

[bp-TC] John Baptiste (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 39-71. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Trickster and the Children."

[bp-TP] John Baptiste (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago V, #7, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) 186-224. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Trickster Gets Pregnant."

[bp-TW] John Baptiste (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 1-27. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Trickster's Warparty."

[c] Henry Ellsworth Cole (1861-1928), Baraboo and Other Place Names in Sauk County, Wisconsin (Baraboo, Wis. : Baraboo News Pub. Co., 1912).

[d] James Owen Dorsey, Winnebago-English Vocabulary and Winnebago Verbal Notes, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago (3.3.2) 321 [old no. 1226] (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, 1888) 82 pp. Informants:
(Alex) -- Alexander Longtail
(Amelia) -- last name unknown
(D) -- perhaps David StCyr
(Hdn) -- unknown
(Lewis N.) -- unknown
(Mgn) -- unknown
(R), (Rueben) -- Rueben StCyr

[d-WG] Rev. James Owen Dorsey, "Winnebago Gentes, including Personal Names Belonging to each Gens" (National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution: T.D., 1878-79?), cat. #4800 Dorsey Papers, Winnebago (319).

[da] Kathleen Ann Danker, Kathleen Ann Danker, The Winnebago Narratives of Felix White, Sr.: Style, Structure and Function, (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, May, 1985 [8521450]). Material citing this source comes from the writing of Dr. Danker as opposed to the stories collected within from Felix White, sr. For the latter, see [w-T].

[dbr] Dorothy Moulding Brown, Indian Legends of Historic and Scenic Wisconsin, Wisconsin Folklore Booklets (Madison: 1947).

[dk] Mark Dietrich, Ho-Chunk Chiefs.

[dt] Comments or items collected by Richard L. Dieterle, website compiler.

[du] Paul Durand, Where the Waters Gather and Rivers Meet: An Atlas of the Eastern Sioux (Author: 1994). Based in part on interviews with Francis Perry at Black River Falls, Wisc. The list of Hotcâk place names was presented to me by Louis Garcia.

[e-B1] Frank Ewing, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11b, Freeman Number 3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909, recopied 1945) 60-62, the Interlinear text (I).

[e-B2] Frank Ewing, Story of the Boy who Ate too Much, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #19, Freeman Number 3899 [1254] (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) Story 19c (2), 9-14, the phonetic text without translation (Ph).

[f] Thomas Foster, Foster's Indian Record and Historical Data (Washington, D. C.: 1876-1877) vol. 1, #2: p. 4, coll. 3-4 ("abandon" - "beckon"); vol. 1, #3: p. 4, coll. 2-4 ("bed" - "chafe"). Foster, vol. 1, #1, p. 1, col. 4, ssvv Wahódjera, hodj, rahatch, Réxatcíra. Foster, vol. 1, #2, p. 2, col. 2, witcâ´n, páni (Algonquian loan), Wanína, Wanihí.

[g-C] "Ciangega," in Albert Samuel Gatschet, Linguistic and Ethnological Material on the Winnebago, Manuscript 1989-a (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives, 1889, 1890-1891) 16-24. Informant: Reuben David St. Cyr.

[g-H] Albert Samuel Gatschet, "Hotcank hit'e," in Linguistic and Ethnological Material on the Winnebago, Manuscript 1989-a (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives, 1889, 1890-1891). Informants: Michael and Reuben David St. Cyr.

[ge] Thomas J. George, Winnebago Vocabulary, 4989 Winnebago (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, 1885). Informants: Big Bear of Friendship, Wisconsin, and Big Thunder.

[gm] Melvin Randolph Gilmore, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, Thirty-Third Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1911-12 (Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1919).

[h-B] Charlie N. Houghton, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1908) Winnebago III, #11a, Story XXXV: 333-360. In this collection, the work is called, "Bladder and One Legged One."

[h-C] Charlie Houghton, Coyote is Invited to a Feast, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #9, Freeman Number 3894 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) 147- 159. In this collection, the work is entitled, "Hotcâk Text -- Little Fox is Invited to a Feast."

[h-G] Charlie N. Houghton, A Story about a Giant, with an interlinear translation by Oliver LaMère, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman Number 3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) Story XXVII, pp. 98-107. In this collection, the story is entitled, "A Giant Visits His Daughter".

[h-H] Charles Houghton, Untitled, translated by Oliver LaMère, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman Number 3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) 121-131. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Hog's Adventures."

[h-LFW] Charles N. Houghton, "Coyote on the Warpath," translated by Oliver LaMère, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman #3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) 242-244. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Little Fox Goes on the Warpath."

[h-O] Charlie Houghton, A Story about an Old Man and the Giants, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #9, Freeman Number 3894 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) Story XXXI, pp. 163-182. The end of this story was obtained from the following MS: Charlie Houghton, A Story about an Old man and the Giants, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #9, Freeman Number 3894 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) Story XXXI, pp. 163-182.

[h-R] Charles N. Houghton, "The Orphan who Conquered Death," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 70, 1-52. "[h-R1]" denotes this text; the corrected text is denoted by "[h-R2]". In this collection the story is entitled, "The Resurrection of the Chief's Daughter."

[h-T] Source I -- Charlie N. Houghton, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3900 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1908) Winnebago III, #18, Story XXXV: 314-360. Source Ph -- Charlie N. Houghton, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3882 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, July, 1908) Winnebago III, #5, Story XI: 101-115. Source OL -- Charlie Houghton, translated by Oliver LaMere, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago III, #11a: 290-331. These are the texts to "Turtle's Warparty (Version 2)".

[h-TG] Charlie N. Houghton, A Story about Turtle and a Giant, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #9, Freeman 3894. (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) 160-161.

[h-TM] Charlie N. Houghton, Turtle and the Merchant, translation by Oliver LaMere; in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #9, Freeman #3894 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) 2-29 = 132-146.

[h-W] Charles Houghton, A Story about a Female Were-Grizzly, trs. by Oliver LaMère, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman Number 3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) Story 28, pp. 108-120 [= 1-25 = 39-51].

[hb-A] Johannes Helmbrecht, "Argument Structure of the Hocâk (Winnebago) Clause," Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Erfurt, Dec. 2002.

[hm] Reverend Elmer C. Hamley, Monapacataca (Green Lake: 1933).

[hw] Word lists supplied by the Hocak Wazijaci Language and Culture Program.

[hz-L] John Hazen Hill (Xedenicaraga), "The Lame Friend," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 66, Story 7: 1-4. [Typed Winnebago, handwritten interlinear translation.]

[hz-M] John Hazen, The Winnebago-Sioux War against the Masxhes, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, #66 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, < 1909) Story 3, pp. 1-7.

[hz-O] John Hazen Hill (Xedenicaraga), Untitled, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1908) Notebook 66, Story 5, 1-2. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Osage Massacre."

[j] Norton William Jipson, Story of the Winnebagoes (Chicago: The Chicago Historical Society, 1923). This is an unpublished typescript.

[jb-A] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3876 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.) Winnebago II, #7: 207-211. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Animal Spirit Aids of the Medicine Rite."

[jb-AM] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3887 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.) Winnebago II, #7: 213-215. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Arrows of the Medicine Rite Men, v. 2."

[jb-B] Jasper Blowsnake, "Waretcawera," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman Numbers 3850, 3896, 3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 67, pp. 1-13. This is the Hotcâk text to "The Birth of the Twins, Version 2."

[jb-BH] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3876 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.) Winnebago II, #6: 94-96. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Lifting Up Bear Heads".

[jb-C] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3876 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago II, #7: 201-202. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Coughing Up of the Black Hawks."

[jb-CS] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago III, #1: 103-104; a handwritten phonetic text is found at Winnebago II, #1: 128-129; its typed version is at Winnebago II, #5: 135-136. A loose English translation is found at Paul Radin, The Road of Life and Death: A Ritual Drama of the American Indians. Bollingen Series V (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973 [1945]) 136-137. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Completion Song Origins".

[jb-D] Jasper Blowsnake, "Waretcawera," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Freeman Numbers 3850, 3896, 3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 67, pp. 13-28. This is the Hotcâk text to "The Twins Disobey Their Father, Version 2."

[jb-DD1] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3885 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.) Winnebago II, #6: 190-193 and Winnebago II, #7: 194-195. In this collections the story is entitled, "The Descent of the Drum, Version 1".

[jb-F] Jasper Blowsnake and Paul Radin, "A Semi-Historical Account of the War of the Winnebago and the Foxes," Proceedings of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1914) 192-207. Told by Jasper Blowsnake in June, 1908. This is reprinted in Paul Radin, The Winnebago Tribe (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990 [1923]) 11-17.

[jb-FC] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3876 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago II, #7: 266-268. In this collections the story is entitled, "The Four Steps of the Cougar".

[jb-FF] Jasper Blowsnake, "Waretcawera," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman Numbers 3850, 3896, 3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 67, pp. 31-35. This is the Hotcâk text to "The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee, Version 2."

[jb-G] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3876 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.) Winnebago II, #7: 253-256. In this collections the story is entitled, "Grandmother's Gifts".

[jb-H] Jasper Blowsnake, "Waretcawera," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman Numbers 3850, 3896, 3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 67, pp. 30-31. This is the Hotcâk text to "The Twins Get into Hot Water, Version 2."

[jb-HM] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Freeman #3876 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.) Winnebago II, #6: 28-32. In this collections the story is entitled, "The Historical Origins of the Medicine Rite".

[jb-L] Jasper Blowsnake, "Waretcawera," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman Numbers 3850, 3896, 3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 67, pp. 30-31. This is the Hotcâk text to "The Lost Blanket, Version 2."

[jb-M] Words taken from Jasper Blowsnake's account of the Medicine Rite, found in Paul Radin, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1909) Winnebago II, #6, #7, Winnebago III, #1, #2, #4.

[jb-MH2a] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3887 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.) Winnebago II, #7, 247-250. In this collections the story is entitled, " Messengers of Hare, Version 2a, First Telling".

[jb-MH2b] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3890 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.) Winnebago III, #4, 25-29. In this collections the story is entitled, " Messengers of Hare, Version 2b, Second Telling".

[jb-MR] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3887 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Library, n.d.) Winnebago II, #7, 233-247; and Paul Radin, The Culture of the Winnebago: As Described by Themselves. International Journal of American Linguistics, Memoirs, 3 (1950): 21-24 (ss 72-212). In this collections the story is entitled, " Medicine Rite Foundation Myth, Version 4".

[jb-R] Jasper Blowsnake, "Waretcawera," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman Numbers 3850, 3896, 3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 67, pp. 30-31. This is the Hotcâk text to "The Twins Get into Hot Water, Version 2."

[jb-S] Jasper Blowsnake, "Hinacax Ruwiná," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #2, Section 7, pp. XV-XVI.. In this collection the story is entitled, "Shell Anklets Origin Myth, V. 2".

[jb-SS] Jasper Blowsnake, Untitled, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3876 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago II, #7: 257-258. In this collections the story is entitled, "South Seizes the Messenger".

[jb-T] Jasper Blowsnake, "Waretcawera," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman Numbers 3850, 3896, 3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago III, #6: 375.154-376.158.

[jb-V] Jasper Blowsnake, "Waretcawera," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman Numbers 3850, 3896, 3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 67, pp. 35-37. This is the Hotcâk text to "The Twins Visit Their Father's Village, Version 2."

[jc-F] James StCyr, "Fleetfoot," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) Notebook 19, Story II, pp. 18-33.

[jc-S] James StCyr, "Shakes the Earth," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society Library) Notebook 19, Story 1, pp. 1-18.

[jf-F] John Fireman, Tales of Fireman's Brother, trs. by George Ricehill, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Freeman #3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) III, #11a, Story 2, p. 74.

[jf-LT] John Fireman, "A Tale about Little Thunder," translated by George Ricehill, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman Number 3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) Story I, p. 72.

[jf-M] John Fireman, "The Story of Midjistéga," trs. by George Ricehill, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman #3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) Story 7, pp. 86-90.

[jh] John Harrison, The Story of Little Priest, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman #3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) 224-241 (= 269-286). Told in June, 1908.

[jh-M] John Harrison, The Giant or The Morning Star, translated by Oliver LaMere, in Paul Radin Notebooks, Winnebago III #11a, Freeman Number 3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) Story 8, pp 92-117.

[jl] Place names supplied to Jipson by Oliver LaMère in Norton William Jipson, Story of the Winnebagoes (Chicago: The Chicago Historical Society, 1923) 399.

[jmc-B] John Michael StCyr, [untitled], in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Notebook #19 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) Story III, pp. 33-39. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Boy who Flew."

[jw-B] J. W., Untitled, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society Library) Notebook 72, Story 51, pp. 1-5. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Bird Clan Origins."

[k] Col. John Harris Kinzie (1803-1865), Notebook compiled at Prairie du Chien in 1826 (Chicago: Chicago Historical Society).

[l-E] Oliver LaMère (trs.), "Wakdjâkaga," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1912) Winnebago V, # 7: 317-349. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Elk's Skull."

[l-L] Oliver LaMère (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 381-404. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Trickster Loses Most of His Penis."

[l-M] Oliver LaMère (trs.), "Mâznî'âbara," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (American Philosophical Society Library) #21, pp. 1-134. In this collection, the story is entitled, "How the Thunders Met the Nights."

[l-MS] Oliver LaMère (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 531-548. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Mink Soils the Princess."

[l-MT] Oliver LaMère (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 364-381. In this collection, the story is entitled, "A Mink Tricks Trickster."

[l-S] Oliver LaMère (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 404-416. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Scenting Contest."

[l-TF] Oliver LaMère (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago V, #7, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) 548-566. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Trickster Takes Little Fox for a Ride."

[l-TT] Oliver LaMère (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago V, #7, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) 349-364. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Trickster's Tail."

[l-TV] Oliver LaMère (trs.), "Wakdjukaga," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #7: 225-230. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Trickster Visits His Family."

[lp] William Lipkind, Winnebago Grammar (New York: King's Crown Press, 1945).

[lp-C] William Lipkind, "Text" (Creation of the World), Winnebago Grammar (New York: King's Crown Press, 1945) 58.

[lp-N] William Lipkind, "Text" (Necessity of Death), Winnebago Grammar (New York: King's Crown Press, 1945) 59-61.

[lp-S] William Lipkind, "Text" (Sons of Earthmaker), Winnebago Grammar (New York: King's Crown Press, 1945) 58-59.

[lt] Philip Longtail (Sîtcseretcka), Buffalo Clan, Texts with interlinear translation by James Owen Dorsey, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2 (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, October and November, 1893) text VI.

[lt-C] Philip Longtail (Sîtcseretcka), Buffalo Clan, "The Captive Boys," translated by James Owen Dorsey, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2 (National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, 1893) Story II, pp. 1-7.

[lt-F] Philip Longtail (Sîtcseretcka), Buffalo Clan, "The Fatal House," translated by James Owen Dorsey, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2 (National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, 1893) Story IV, pp. 1-3.

[lt-I] Philip Longtail (Sîtcseretcka), Buffalo Clan, "Iron Staff and His Companions," text with interlinear translation by James Owen Dorsey, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2 (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, October and November, 1893) Story VI, pp. 1-13.

[lt-M] Alexander Longtail (Sîtcseretcka), Buffalo Clan, "The Man with Two Heads," with interlinear translation by James Owen Dorsey, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2 (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, October and November, 1893) Story VIII, pp. 1 - 8.

[lt-R] Alexander Longtail (Sîtcseretcka), Buffalo Clan, "Rich Man, Boy, and Horse," with interlinear translation by James Owen Dorsey, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2 (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, October and November, 1893) Story VII, pp. 1 - 23.

[lt-TB] Alexander Longtail (Sîtcseretcka), Buffalo Clan, "The Two Brothers, Waloga and Little Ghost," with interlinear translation by James Owen Dorsey, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2 (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, October and November, 1893) Story V, pp. 1 - 22.

[lt-U] Alexander Longtail (Sîtcseretcka), Buffalo Clan, "The Man who Went to the Upper and Lower Worlds," with interlinear translation by James Owen Dorsey, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2 (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, October and November, 1893) Story III, pp. 53-58.

[lt-W] Philip Longtail (Sîtcseretcka), Buffalo Clan, "Watexúga and His Brothers," translated by J. O. Dorsey (National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, 1893) 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2, Story I: 1-9.

[lu-C] Nancy Oestreich Lurie, "A Check List of Treaty Signers by Clan Affiliation," Journal of the Wisconsin Indians Research Institute, 2, #1 (June, 1966): 50-73.

[m] Mary Carolyn Marino, A Dictionary of Winnebago: An Analysis and Reference Grammar of the Radin Lexical File (Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, December 14, 1968 [69-14,947]) . Marino's wordlist was based on the vocabulary slips of Paul Radin.

[mck] Col. Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall, The Indian Tribes of North America, with Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs, ed.. Frederick Hodge and David Bushnell, 4 vols. (Edinburgh: John Grant, 1934 [1842]).

[mkn-Y] W. C. McKern, "A Winnebago Myth," Yearbook, Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, 9 (1929) .

[mn] Kenneth L. Miner, Winnebago Field Lexicon (Kansas City: University of Kansas, June 1984).

[p-B] Jim Pine, [untitled,] in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 26, 262-284. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Bluehorn Rescues His Sister."

[p-C] Jim Pine, [untitled,] in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 26, 237-240. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Canine Warrior."

[p-F] Jim Pine, [untitled,] in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 26, 240-244. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Fighting Retreat."

[p-M] Jim Pine, [untitled,] in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 26, 250-260. In this collection, the story is entitled, "The Man Whose Wife was Captured."

[p-T] Jim Pine, [untitled,] in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 26, 245-250. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Turtle's Warparty, Version 3."

[r-B1] "The Boy who Wished to Become Immortal," in Paul Radin, Notebook 38 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) 210-215. On page 211 is inscribed, "March 11, 1951," but this is certainly a later addition.

[r-B2] "The Boy who Wished to be Immortal," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Winnebago III, #13, Freeman #3869 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1951 ?) 1-4.

[r-BB] Paul Radin, "The Bladder," Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) #27, 1-61. Hotcâk syllabary is on one page, and its English translation is on the facing page. In this collection the story is entitled, "Bladder and His Brothers, Version 1."

[r-BC] "The Bear Clan Feast. Part I, The Origin Legend," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #7, Freeman #3868 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) 1-6. For the English text, see Paul Radin, The Winnebago Tribe (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990 [1923]) 184-186. Informant: a member of the Bear Clan.

[r-BC2a] Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3862 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago I, #3: 72. This is the Bear Clan Origin Myth, Version 2a.

[r-CM] Untitled Clan Myths (Hotcâk-English Interlinear) in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notes, Winnebago V, #8, Freeman #3881 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1908) 23-28. Includes the Thunderbird Clan Origin Myth, v. 4.

[r-CW] Paul Radin, The Culture of the Winnebago as Described by Themselves (Baltimore: Special Publications of the Bollingen Foundation, #1, 1949) .

[r-D] "The Dipper," in Paul Radin, Notebook Winnebago IV, #8 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society Library) Story 8r, pp. 1-29 = Paul Radin, "The Dipper," Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society Library) #49-50, pp. 1-267.

[r-DC] "Deer Clan Origin Myth," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Winnebago III, #19a, Freeman number 3899 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) 1-13.

[r-G] Paul Radin, Winnebago Linguistic Notes, Manuscript 1800a-e (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, 1908-1909) 211 pages.

[r-I] Paul Radin, "Intcohorúcika," Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) #14, pp. 1-67.

[r-K] "Kaghíga," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society Library) #18, pp. 1-9.

[r-N] Paul Radin, unspecified Winnebago Notebook (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society Library).

[r-P] Paul Radin, Personal Reminiscences of a Winnebago Indian, Journal of American Folk-Lore, 26, #102 (1913): 293-318 [300-303]. In this collection it is entitled, "Earthmaker Blesses Wecgícega, v. 2."

[r-R] Paul Radin, The Road of Life and Death: A Ritual Drama of the American Indians. Bollingen Series V (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973 [1945]) .

[r-S] "The Seer," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3899 [1254] (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago III, #19e: 1-5.

[r-SD] Paul Radin, Winnebago Phonetic Stem Dictionary (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.).

[r-T] Paul Radin, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago V, #2: 1-123 (syllabic text), 1-38 (English translation). In this collection, it is entitled, "The Twins Retrieve Red Star's Head."

[r-W.1.7a] Paul Radin, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago I, #7a.

[r-W.2.6] Paul Radin, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago II, #6.

[r-WB] "Wak'tcexi Hetcoga (Waterspirit Bluehorn)," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (American Philosophical Society Library) #66, Story 2, pp. 1-13. In this collection, it is entitled, "Brave Man."

[r-WH] Cûkdjâkega (Wolf), in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago V, #19 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) 1-40. Syllabary without translation. The translation is based on a typewritten story with its title in Hotcâk syllabary, doAo Ktt Ke K, "Wolf," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago IV, #8; Freeman #3861 [3891] (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Story 8f: 1-6. In this collection it is entitled, "Wolves and Humans."

[r-WT] Paul Radin, The Winnebago Tribe (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990 [1923]) .

[r-WV1] Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1913) Winnebago V, #1.

[r-Y] "Young Man Gambles Often (Hotcîtcîwaki'ûk'ega)," in Paul Radin, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago V, #22: 1-173. Syllabary without translation. Translated by Richard L. Dieterle, based upon a typed translation (probably of Oliver LaMère). The translation is found in Young Man Shoots for Them Often, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman Number 3861 [3891] (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, pre-1930) Winnebago IV, #8s: 1-23.

[rg-G] R. G., Ghost Dance, in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, #79 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) 1-5.

[rh-F] George Ricehill, Tale of a Stone that Turned into a Frog, transcribed by Oliver LaMere, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #19, Freeman Number 3899 [1254] (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909) 16-17 .

[rh-O] George Ricehill, [untitled], in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #19, Freeman Number 3899 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, prior to 1909) 19b-2, 17-20. Story of the Omahas who turned into serpents.

[rh-P] George Ricehill, "A Tale of a Sioux," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago III, #11a, Story 5: 81-82. In this collection, the story is entitled, "Potato Magic".

[rh-S] George Ricehill, A Sioux Tale, with an interlinear translation by Oliver LaMère, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman Number 3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) 73-83.

[rh-T] George Ricehill (translator ?), "The Struggle between the Son of the Thunderbird and the Son of the Waterspirit," in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman Number 3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) Story 10, pp. 126-139 [= 45-59 = 1-27 (odd number pagination only)]. In this collection, entitled "Traveler and the Thunderbird War."

[rh-W] George Ricehill, [untitled], in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Winnebago III, #11a, Freeman Number 3892 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) pp. 63-64. Story of a man who turned into a fish.

[rs-S] RS [Rueben StCyr ?], "Snowshoe Strings," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) #60, pp. 4-33.

[rs-W] Rueben David StCyr, "Watexuga," with interlinear translation by James Owen Dorsey, 4800 Dorsey Papers: Winnebago 3.3.2 (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, 1886) under "Notes", 9-10.

[rt-T] Rufus Tiver, "The Story of Thunderbird and White Horse," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1909?) #17, pp. 1-25.

[rw-W] R. W., "Worúxega," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1911) Notebook 72, pp. 1-16. The text and partial interlinear translation are by Paul Radin.

[s] Capt. Don Saunders, When the Moon is a Silver Canoe. Legends of the Wisconsin Dells (Wisconsin Dells, Wisc.: Don Saunders, 1947) 71 -74.

[sb-A] Sam Blowsnake's Account of the Medicine Rite in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, January, 1939) Book 8:101-108. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Arrows of the Medicine Rite Men".

[sb-B] "Waretcara Worák," in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, May 29 - Aug. 2, 1938) Book 2.7-52. Said to be by Sam Blowsnake (doubtful). In this collection, the story is entitled, "Birth of the Twins, Version 3."

[sb-BT] Sam Blowsnake, Waretcáwera, in Paul Radin, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1908) Winnebago V, #11: 1-54. This is "The Birth of the Twins, Version 1."

[sb-D] Sam Blowsnake in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, May 29 - Oct. 10, 1938) Book 2.52-98. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Twins Disobey Their Father, Version 3".

[sb-E] Sam Blowsnake, Waretcáwera (the Twins Cycle), in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n. d.) Winnebago V, #11: 279-284. This is "Earthmaker Sends Rucewe to the Twins, Version 1".

[sb-F] Sam Blowsnake, Waretcáwera (the Twins Cycle), in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n. d.) Winnebago V, #11: 129-163. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee, Version 1".

[sb-FF] Sam Blowsnake in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, May 29 - Oct. 10, 1938) Book 2.98-103, Book 3.1-13. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Father of the Twins Attempts to Flee, Version 3".

[sb-G] Sam Blowsnake's Account of the Medicine Rite in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, January, 1939) Book 9:100-107. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Gift of Shooting".

[sb-H] Sam Blowsnake in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, Aug. 30 - Oct. 10, 1938) Book 3.13-27. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Twins Get into Hot Water, Version 3".

[sb-HW] Sam Blowsnake, Waretcáwera (the Twins Cycle), in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n. d.) Winnebago V, #11: 164-200. This is "The Twins Get into Hot Water, Version 1".

[sb-K] Sam Blowsnake in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, Aug. 30 - Oct. 10, 1938) Book 3.27-42. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Twins Kill a Waterspirit" (= Earthmaker Sends Rucewe to the Twins, Version 3).

[sb-L] Paul Radin, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.), Winnebago V, #2: 123-247 (syllabic text), 38-71 (English translation).

[sb-N] Paul Radin, Personal Reminiscences of a Winnebago Indian, Journal of American Folk-Lore, 26, #102 (1913): 293-318 (Sam Blowsnake narrative, pp. 300-303). Informant: Sam Blowsnake, Thunderbird Clan. In this collection, the story is called, "Story of the Thunderbird Names."

[sb-P] Sam Blowsnake, The Warbundle Feast of the Thunderbird Clan (First Version), in Paul Radin, The Winnebago Tribe (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990 [1923]) 399-481 [424-427].

[sb-T] Sam Blowsnake's Account of the Medicine Rite in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, January, 1939) Book 8:82-92. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Testing of the Slave, Version 2".

[sb-TB] Paul Radin, Personal Reminiscences of a Winnebago Indian, Journal of American Folk-Lore, 26, #102 (1913): 293-318 (Sam Blowsnake narrative, pp. 308-310). In this collection, it is entitled, "Thunder Cloud is Blessed."

[sb-TD] Sam Blowsnake, "Waretcáwera," in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago V, #11: 54-129. In this collection, it is entitled, "The Twins Disobey Their Father, Version 1."

[sb-TJ] Sam Blowsnake, Waretcáwera, in Paul Radin, Notebooks, Freeman #3897 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, ca. 1912) Winnebago V, #11: 223-251. An English translation is found in "The Twins," in Paul Radin, The Evolution of an American Indian Prose Epic. A Study in Comparative Literature, Part I (Basil: Ethnographical Museum, Basil Switzerland, 1954) 95-97. Informant: Sam Blowsnake of the Thunderbird Clan, ca. 1912. In this collection, this story is called, "The Twins Join Redhorn's Warparty".

[sb-TM] Paul Radin, Personal Reminiscences of a Winnebago Indian, Journal of American Folk-Lore, 26, #102 (1913): 293-318 (Sam Blowsnake narrative, pp. 310-312). In this collection it is entitled, "Thunder Cloud Marries Again".

[sb-V] Sam Blowsnake, Waretcáwera (the Twins Cycle), in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks, (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n. d.) Winnebago V, #11: 200-223. In this collection the story is entitled, "The Twins Visit Their Father, Version 1".

[sb-VF] Sam Blowsnake in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, Aug. 30 - Oct. 10, 1938) Book 3.42-47. This is "The Twins Visit Their Father, Version 3."

[sb-W] Sam Blowsnake, The Warbundle Feast of the Thunderbird Clan, in Paul Radin, The Winnebago Tribe (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990 [1923]) 399-481 [426-429]. In this collection they are entitled, "Disease Giver Blesses Djobenagiwîxga, " " The Nightspirits Bless Tciwoit'éhiga," and " The Nightspirits Bless Djobenagiwîxga".

[se-I] Thomas A. Sebeok, "Two Winnebago Texts," International Journal of American Linguistics, 13 (1947): 167-170; Text I -- Vision Quest, 168.

[se-P] Thomas A. Sebeok, "Two Winnebago Texts," International Journal of American Linguistics, 13 (1947): 167-170; Text II -- A Prophecy, 169.

[su-A] Amelia Susman, The Accentual System of Winnebago (New York: Lithoprinted in private edition, 1943) 1-149.

[su-M] words taken from Sam Blowsnake's account of the Medicine Rite in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1939).

[su-S] Amelia Susman, Songs, in Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1939) Book 10: 79, 84.

[su-W] Words taken from linguistic notes and wordlists in Amelia Susman, Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1939).

[tu] William Wadden Turner, "Vocabulary of Indian Languages," in William Wadden Turner Papers, 1838-1859 (Washington: National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution) Notebooks, Folder 7, pp. 528-530.

[v] Virgil J. Vogel, Indian Names on Wisconsin's Map (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991).

[w] Kathleen Danker and Felix White, Sr., The Hollow of Echoes (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1978) ix-x. Informant: Felix White, Sr.

[w-T] Texts recorded by Felix White contained in [da] and used in the preparation of [w].

[w-TI] The introductory material from the texts by Felix White in Kathleen Ann Danker, The Winnebago Narratives of Felix White, Sr.: Style, Structure and Function, (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, May, 1985 [8521450]) 64-73.

[wb] Words collected by W. N. Webster of Oshkosh under the direction of Reuben G. Thwaites, July 1, 1885. Found in Thomas J. George, Winnebago Vocabulary, 4989 Winnebago (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, 1885) last (unnumbered) page.

[y] personal communications from Charles J. Yellow Thunder.

Alphabetical order is determined by the computer program used to sort the wordlist, and is as follows:

' ( ) , - . = ? a á à â b c c' d e é è ê g h i í ì î j k k' m n ñ o ó ò ô p p' q r s s' t t' u ú ù û w x x' y z

The phonemes -- dj gh tc -- had to be alphabetized as if they were parts of the Latin alphabet, e.g., dj is between di and dk.

In suffixes, # stands for the word to which the expression is affixed.

Hotcâk-English

#-’û -- following a positional suffix, this suffix expresses an action or state in a subordinate clause which is synchronous with the action in the main clause. The suffix -regi is often used in the same way. Can be translated as "while" [lp]
#-’û -- temporal, clause subordinating suffix, "while, as, when" [da]
#-ádja -- prob. refers to something distant; cf. -edja, long past. [g-H]
#-adje, #-âdje -- a future tense also used as a mild imperative, just like -kdje, of which it may be a variant [b-E, bp-TA, h-T, dt]
#-ak -- lying, a positional suffix [lp]
#-anâga -- and (but is distinctly verbal in character. When used to connect nouns, it will be preceded by the copulative "here") [lp]
#-ánâga -- and [lp, m]
#-anína -- his, her (in reference to inanimate objects) [g-H]
#-ba -- these [g-H]
#-câ´nâk -- you (sg.) sit (the auxiliary for the sitting position) [lp]
#-câ´wâñk -- you (sg.) lie (the auxiliary for the lying position) [lp]
#-canâ -- Used to indicate the completion of a declarative sentence expressing a statement of the speaker’s own knowledge. This form occurs only after consonants; after vowels, the form -nâ is used. [lp]
#-cânâ -- limiting suffix [da]
#-ce -- hearsay mood, sentence final suffix [cf. -je] [da]
#-ce -- Quotative suffix, used to indicate the completion of a declarative sentence expressing a statement not of the speaker’s own knowledge. See -nâ. -je is used after vowels; -ce is used after consonants. [lp]
#-ceji -- A suffix expressing the optative mode (would, might). This form is used after a consonant, after a vowel, the form jeji is used. (It may be derived from the demonstrative je’e, "this," and -ji, "at least.") [lp]
#-cge -- additional suffix, "also, even" [cf. -hicge, -cke] [da]
#-cge -- can, to be able [r-G]
#-cgûnî -- dubitive mood, sentence final suffix, "maybe, must have, might have" [cf. -gûnî, -ckûnî] [da]
#-cke -- also. A suffix indicating "that the action performed was done in addition to some other, whether mentioned or understood." [lp]
#-ckûnî -- Used to express doubt about the statement whose sentence it concludes. The same role is played by -s’are and -gûnî, with -s’are expressing the least amount of doubt, and -ckûnî the most. [lp]
#-cûnû -- habitual suffix, "used to, usually, would" [da]
#-cûnû -- the customary suffix. "The suffix denotes customary action and may be translated ’usually’ when referring to the present and ’used to’ when referring to the past." [lp]
#-dî -- mighty [rg-G]
#-djâ -- an auxiliary verb expressing the standing position. Generally, tall things are said to be standing. [cf. #-dje] [lp]
#-djâ -- vertical positional, progressive aspect affixed auxiliary verb, "standing" [cf. -dje] [da]
#-djâne -- this standing [lp]
#-dje -- an auxiliary verb expressing the standing position. Generally, tall things are said to be standing. [cf. #-djâ] [lp]
#-dje -- vertical positional, progressive aspect affixed auxiliary verb, "standing" [cf. -djâ] [da]
#-djega -- that standing [lp]
#-e -- an ending used in place of -ga in direct address by a superior to an inferior [r-G]
#-edja -- a locative suffix attached to nouns when they are used in locative and directional phrases [lp]
#-edja -- long past [g-H]
#-ege -- "This suffix indicates a future possibility which is contrary to the wish of the speaker or agent." (example: warudjége, "he might eat, but I don’t want him to") [lp]
#-egi -- functions as a locative suffix similar to -edja [lp]
#-ga -- indirect address, personal name suffix [da]
#-ga -- my (used in kinship terms with -ga being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-ga -- temporal, clause subordinating suffix "when, while, as" [da]
#-ga -- the [lp]
#-ga -- these [g-H]
#-ga -- when, when ... usually. "This suffix forms subordinate clauses which, if not connected causally with the principal clause, are yet associated in the sense of accompanying action. It is almost invariably followed by the customary suffix -cûnû in the principal clause. In addition, it forms an agentive of the same sort as -ra. It appear to be derived from either the demonstrative suffix -ga or the article -ga or the article -ga used with names." [lp]
#-ga, #-ka -- "When referring to individuals by name or by kinship terms or to animal characters in tales, this suffix is added as a mark of respect. It is never used in address." [g-C, lp]
#-gadjâ -- after (indicates the temporal priority of the action to the subordinate clause) [lp]
#-gadjâ -- and then (used as an oral stop) [lp]
#-gadjâ -- isn’t it? (used as a final suffix in rhetorical questions and truisms) [r-P, lp]
#-gadjâ -- temporal/rhetorical, clause subordinating suffix, "following, after, when, next, after all" [da]
#-ge -- a causal suffix. "Causal subordination is indicated by this suffix. It sometimes appears in the longer form -gedjinî without any apparent differentiation of meaning. Preceded by conditional -nâ or hortatory -kdje, it forms purpose clauses." Often translated as, "because, so that, so as." [lp]
#-ge -- causal, clause subordinating suffix, "because" [cf. -gedjinî] [da]
#-gedjinî -- a causal suffix. Causal subordination is indicated by this suffix. It sometimes appears in the shorter form -ge without any apparent differentiation of meaning. Preceded by conditional -nâ or hortatory -kdje, it forms purpose clauses. Often translated as, "because," "so that," "so as." [lp]
#-gedjinî -- causal, clause subordinating suffix, "because" [cf. -ge] [da]
#-gere -- "This suffix throws emphasis on the verb. The implication usually is that the action was performed against opposition." [lp]
#-gi -- conditional/temporal/unreal, clause subordinating suffix, "if, when, while" [cf. -giji] [da]
#-gi -- indicates the contingency on which a future event in the main clause depends. In connection with the past tense it forms counterfactual conditionals. When preceded by the demonstrative -re, it forms purely temporal clauses. In conditional clauses, -nâ and -kdje often appear before it. [lp] "when, after, having" [d]
#-gi- -- indirect object infix, "for (her), to (me), about (him), etc." [da]
#-gigi -- a causative meaning "to make" (in the sense of forcing), and secondarily, "to permit, to allow." [lp]
#-giji -- conditional/temporal/unreal, clause subordinating suffix, "if, when, while" [cf. -gi] [da]
#-giji -- indicates the contingency on which a future event in the main clause depends. In connection with the past tense it forms counterfactual conditionals. When preceded by the demonstrative -re, it forms purely temporal clauses. It also seems to function occasionally as an oral stop. [lp]
#-ginî -- already. This suffix "indicates that the action of the stem has been completed in the past." [lp]
#-ginî -- temporal suffix, "already" [da]
#-go -- a syllable without any meaning which is frequently used at the end of a story. It is always higher in pitch than the preceding syllables. (Radin) [h-B]
#-gûnî -- dubitive mood, sentence final suffix, "maybe, must have, might have" [cf. -cgûnî] [da]
#-gûnî -- Used to express doubt about the statement whose sentence it concludes. The same role is played by -s’are and -ckûnî, with -s’are expressing the least amount of doubt, and -ckûnî the most. [lp]
#-hâ -- toward [m]
#-hâ -- when suffixed to a cardinal number, it indicates the number of times [lp]
#-hâ´nâk’ -- I sit (the auxiliary for the sitting position) [lp]
#-hacâ´wâñk’ -- you (pl.) lie (the auxiliary for the lying position) [lp]
#-hacínina -- your (sg.) (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-haciniwina -- your, yours (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-hâgare -- this lying [lp]
#-hahâñk´ -- they lie (the auxiliary for the lying position) [lp]
#-hahâñk’´ -- we lie (the auxiliary for the lying position) [lp]
#-hahâñk’´ -- you (pl.) and I lie (the auxiliary for the lying position) [lp]
#-hak -- an auxiliary verb expressing the lying or running position. Generally, long things are said to be lying. [cf. #-hâk] [lp]
#-hak -- horizonal (or moving) positional, progressive aspect, suffixed auxiliary verb (conjugated), "to lie, to move" [cf. -hak] [da]
#-hâk -- an auxiliary verb expressing the lying or running position. Generally, long things are said to be lying. [cf. #-hak] [lp]
#-hâk -- horizonal (or moving) positional, progressive aspect, suffixed auxiliary verb (conjugated), "to lie, to move" [-hâk] [da]
#-hâk’a -- that lying [lp]
#-hanâga -- conjunctive, clause subordinating suffix, "and" [cf. anâga, nâga] [da]
#-hanína -- his, hers (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-hánina -- my (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-hanínena -- theirs (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-hanínera -- their (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-hanîra -- the possessive formed from the verb hanî, "to own," and the subordinating suffix -ra/-na [lp]
#-haníwina -- our (not) (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-haníwira -- ours (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-hâñk’ -- he lies (the auxiliary for the lying position) [lp]
#-hâñk’ -- you and I lie (the auxiliary for the lying position) [lp]
#-hara -- my (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-hawíra -- yours (sg.) and mine (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-hena -- used in forming the finite of verbs of continued motion [d]
#-hi -- causal auxiliary verb, "to cause, to allow, to make" [da]
#-hicge -- additional suffix, "also, even" [cf. -cge] [da]
#-hicke -- even if ..., even though ..., even so ... (it may be preceded by -gi or -nâ) [lp]
#-hidjaíra -- when suffixed to adjectives it forms the comparative; when suffixed to nouns, it means "more" [lp]
#-hîhíra -- yours (sg.) and my (used in kinship terms with -ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-hihíwira -- our, used with kinship terms [g-H]
#-hîhiwíra -- yours (pl.) and my (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-hijâ -- indefinite suffix, "a, an, one" [cf. -ijâ, -jâ] [da]
#-hikcâne -- future tense suffix, "will, is going to" [cf. alternate forms, -kdjene, -kcâne] [da]
#-hînâk’´ -- you (sg.) and I sit (the auxiliary for the sitting position) [lp]
#-hira -- his (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-hire -- impersonalizing/agent-deleting suffix (conjugated), same as the third person plural suffix [cf. -ire] [da]
#-hiré -- third person plural suffix [lp]
#-hírera -- their (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [g-H, lp]
#-hisge -- manner suffix, "how, like" [cf. -sge] [da]
#-hîwahiwira -- our, used with kinship terms [g-H]
#-hiwániwina -- ours (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-î -- to be, to become [m]
#-î (i) -- as [l-TT]
#-iáka -- used as a kind of definite article [dt]
#-ire -- "When an action occurs of its own accord or the cause is unknown or if, for any reason, it is desirable not to specify the agent, it is expressed by using the verbal stem without instrumentals in the third person plural form" (-ire). Such a verb is treated as neutral and takes the objective pronouns. [lp]
#-ire -- impersonalizing/agent-deleting suffix (conjugated), same as the third person plural suffix [cf. -hire] [da]
#-ire -- third person plural suffix [lp]
#-jâ -- indefinite suffix, "a, an, one" [cf. -hijâ, -ijâ] [da]
#-jaré -- a suffix throwing emphasis upon the whole sentence (as in nâjaré, "he DID sleep") [lp]
#-je -- hearsay mood, sentence final suffix [cf. -ce] [da]
#-je -- the quotative suffix, appended to all hearsay information. Its form after consonants is -ce. [lp]
#-je -- Used to indicate the completion of a declarative sentence expressing a statement not of the speaker’s own knowledge. See -nâ. -je is used after vowels; -ce is used after consonants. [lp]
#-jeji -- optative mood, sentence final suffix, "would that, if only, oh that I might, etc." [da]
#-jéji -- A suffix expressing the optative mode (would, might). This form is used after a vowel, after a consonant, the form ceji is used. (It may be derived from the demonstrative je’e, "this," and -ji, "at least." ) [lp]
#-ji -- at least [lp]
#-ji -- minimal suffix, "at least, in this case" [da]
#-k -- terminal suffix making a verb of an adverb ? [m]
#-k’ara- -- one’s own [su-W]
#-k’e -- often [lp]
#-k’e -- when suffixed to a ordinal number, it indicates the total number ("the n of them"). For numbers ending in consonants, it is proceded by /i/. [lp]
#-k’î -- a verbal auxiliary suffix translated as "to act like, to serve as" (< k’i-, the reflexive prefix combined with the causative hi) [lp]
#-ka, #-ga -- appended to proper names: Dorseyga [g-C] See #-ga.
#-kcâne -- future tense suffix, "will, is going to" [cf. alternate forms, -hikcâne, -kdjene] [da]
#-kdjáne -- A suffix designating the future tense (probably derived from -kdje) (see also, #-ktce) [d, lp] "The (k) is pronounced with great stress in the cluster (kdj)." (Radin) [h-B]
#-kdje -- intentive suffix, "will, must, have to, intend to" [da]
#-kdje -- the intentive suffix. "This suffix indicates a future act or condition which is to result from the will of the speaker or agent, or from other compelling forces in the speaker’s purview. It is sometimes used as a mild or polite imperative." (see also, #-ktce) [lp] "The (k) is pronounced with great stress in the cluster (kdj)." (Radin) [h-B]
#-kdjene -- future tense suffix, "will, is going to" [cf. alternate forms, -hikcâne, -kcâne] [da]
#-ki -- if, when, at (see #-gi) [sb-K]
#-kinâ -- "self" (makes independent pronouns) [mn]
#-kisákara -- one half (D) [cf. okisaka] [d]
#-ksik -- this seems to be an old diminutive suffix [lp]
#-ktcâné (cp. #-kdjâné) -- will, shall [lt-R]
#-ktcawí -- will (pl.) [lt-R]
#-ktce (cp. #-kje) -- must, should, shall [lt-R]
#-kûhâ -- under [mn]
#-manî -- he goes [su-W]
#-mânî -- he goes [su-W]
#-mâñk’ -- I lie (the auxiliary for the lying position) [lp]
#-na -- can [lt-R]
#-na -- sentence or clause terminator [lt-R]
#-nâ -- conditional suffix, "would, might, could" [da]
#-nâ -- could, would, should. The conditional suffix. "This suffix has an extremely wide range of meanings. While most often used to express the idea that a future action is uncertain or hypothetical or dependent upon a contingency which is stated in a conditional clause or understood, it may also express ideas of a hortatory or obligatory or compulsory nature." [lp]
#-nâ -- Used to indicate the completion of a declarative sentence expressing a statement of the speaker’s own knowledge. This suffix is also used to express direct discourse. This form occurs only after vowels; after consonants, the form -canâ is used. [lp]
#-nâga -- conjunctive, clause subordinating suffix, "and" [cf. hanâga, anâga] [da]
#-nâga (accent on 1st syllable) -- when suffixed to demonstratives, it means "this much, that much" [lp]
#-nâgare -- this sitting [lp]
#-nâhâ -- when suffixed to demonstratives, it means "this many times, that often" [lp]
#-nâk -- an auxiliary verb expressing the sitting position. Generally, things that are neither long nor tall are said to be sitting. [lp]
#-nâk -- sitting positional, progressive aspect affixed auxiliary verb, "sitting" [da]
#-nâk’a -- that sitting [lp]
#-nâk’û´ -- the sitting positional -nâk’ conjoined with ’û, "to do" forms the subordinator "while" [lp]
#-ni -- with, along with [r-G]
#-nî -- an old suffix meaning "man" [m]
#-nî -- negative suffix, used following hâke (etc.), "no, not" [da]
#-nî -- the negative suffix. The negative is formed by the suffix -nî and the prefix k’e- or the preceding word hâñké. (example: k’éjeskánînâ, "it isn’t so"). The prefix k’enî- and the suffix -nî form a negative which may be translated "not yet" in sentences and "before" in subordinate clauses. [lp]
#-nî- -- a suffix in stems denoting animals used before the causitive hi- and the subordinating suffix (-ra or -ga) [lp]
#-nia cinína -- yours (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-niánina -- mine (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-nihána -- mine (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-nîhára -- my (in stems denoting animals, where -ra is the subordinating suffix) [g-H, lp]
#-niháwina -- ours [g-H]
#-nîháwira -- yours (pl.) and my (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-nihidéna -- theirs (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-nihína -- his, hers (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-níhira -- his, her (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-nîhíra -- his (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-nîhira (accent on 1st syllable) -- yours (sg.) and my (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix; also affixed to terms denoting animals) [lp]
#-nîhírera -- their (in stems denoting animals, where -ra is the subordinating suffix) [g-H, lp]
#-nîhíwira -- yours (pl.) and my (in stems denoting animals, where -ra is the subordinating suffix) [g-H, lp]
#-nîk -- diminutive [lp]
#-nínaga -- your (sg.) (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-nînága -- your (sg.) (used in kinship terms with -ga being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-nînaiga -- your (pl.) (in stems denoting animals, where -ra is the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-ninána -- yours (sg.) (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-nînára -- your (sg.) (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-nínawiga -- your (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-nináwina -- yours (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-nînawira -- your (pl.) (in stems denoting animals, where -ra is the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-nîrága -- your (sg.) (affixed to terms denoting animals) [lp]
#-nîrára -- your (sg.) (affixed to terms denoting animals) [lp]
#-nîrawira -- your (affixed to terms denoting animals) [lp]
#-niriga -- your (affixed to terms denoting animals) [lp]
#-nîsge -- qualifying suffix, "sort of, kind of" [da]
#-nîske -- this suffix is apparently formed out of the negative -nî and the dubitive suffix -ske. "It imparts a quality of vagueness to the stem it follows." (example: tc’onîskéje, "it was sort of blue") [lp]
#-níwahana -- mine (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-níwahara -- mys (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-niwaháwina -- ours (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-niwahídera -- theirs (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-niwahína -- his, hers (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-níwahira -- his, hers (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-niwahirina -- theirs (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-niwahíwira -- ours (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-níwaraga -- your (sg.) (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-níwarana -- yours (sg.) (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-niwaráwiga -- yours (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-niwarawina -- yours (in reference to animals) [g-H]
#-no -- In calling to people at a distance or in trying to capture the attention of careless listeners, the suffix -no, usually long drawn out, is used instead of -nâ. [lp]
#-no (long, drawn out) -- Used in place of the suffix -nâ in order to call to people at a distance or in trying to capture the attention of careless listeners. Like -nâ, it is used to indicate the completion of a declarative sentence expressing a statement of the speaker’s own knowledge. This form occurs only after vowels; after consonants, the form canâ is used. [lp]
#-nûnîge -- ... but; although ... (subordinating disjunctive) [lp]
#-nûnîge -- disjunctive, clause subordinating suffix, "but, however, although" [da]
#-o -- emphatic sentence final suffix, substitued for -a [da]
#-ra -- a temporal subordinating suffix. "The action in the subordinate clause formed by -ra occurs immediately before the action in the main clause. It can often be translated by a past participle or by treating the two clauses as coordinate. -ra also forms an agentive. There seems to be little reason for not identifying it with the definite article." Typically translated as, "when", "having ...", "the one who ..." [lp]
#-ra -- definite suffix, also used as a nominalizing/agentive/temporal clause subordinating suffix, "the" [da]
#-ra -- his (used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-ra -- the [lp]
#-raga -- your (sg., used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-raíjâ -- the indefinite article suffixed after the definite article, meaning "someor other" [lp]
#-raréki -- all, entirely, completely [jb-HM]
#-rawíga -- your (pl., used in kinship terms with ra being the subordinating suffix) [lp]
#-ráwiga -- your, used with kinship terms [g-H]
#-re -- A suffix added to the stem to form the imperative. The force of the command can be indicated by a lengthening of the vowel. [lp]
#-re -- imperative mood, sentence final suffix [da]
#-re -- relativizing, clause subordinating suffix, "the time when, the place where, etc." [da]
#-re -- that, which. A suffix which forms clauses that qualify nouns. "This suffix is much more limited in its scope than -ra although it clearly stems from a similar type of source, the demonstrative suffix -re." (examples: wanîk´ t’eráre, "the bird that you killed"; p’étcwatc’ k’írikdjánaré, "the train that is to come") [lp]
#-recke -- even (as in, "they even sang") (formed from the suffix -cke, "also") [lp]
#-regi -- temporal, clause subordinating suffix, "while, as, when" [da]
#-réki -- in (see #-regi) [sb-K]
#-ri -- these [g-H]
#-s’a -- repetition/continuation suffix, "regularly, would, intermittently, repeatedly" [da]
#-s’a -- the continual suffix. It expresses the regular repetition of an action or condition. [lp]
#-s’are -- Used to express doubt about the statement whose sentence it concludes. The same role is played by -gûnî and -ckûnî, with -s’are expressing the least amount of doubt, and -ckûnî the most. [lp]
#-sge -- manner suffix, "how, like" [cf. -hisge] [da]
#-ske -- "This suffix adds a quality of uncertainty to the stem. With the prefix hi- it forms the neutral verb hiské ’to be similar to’ or ’thus’; valuable hint of its meaning as it is very difficult to translate." [lp]
#-ske -- also [lp]
#-tc’â -- instead (indicating that the action of the verb stem is performed instead of some other action) [lp]
#-tcâ -- replacement suffix, "instead" [da]
#-tce -- to break, crack, or tear a soft substance [mn]
#-tcî -- intensification suffix, "very, so, quickly, much, etc." [cf. -xdjî] [da]
#-tok -- this seems to be an old augmentative suffix [lp]
#-wacínina -- your (sg.) (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-wacinira -- yours (sg.) (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-waciniwina -- your, yours (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-wáhara -- my, used with kinship terms [g-H]
#-wáhira -- his, used with kinship terms [g-H]
#-wahírera -- their, used with kinship terms [g-H]
#-wanína -- his, her; his, hers (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-wánina -- my, mine (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-waninéna -- theirs (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-wanínera -- their (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-wániwina -- our (in reference to inaminate objects) [g-H]
#-wáraga -- your (sg.), used with kinship terms [g-H]
#-waráwiga -- your, used with kinship terms [g-H]
#-wi -- an old feminine suffix (?) [m]
#-wi -- plural suffix. "The suffix -wi attaches the idea of plurality to the entire clause. Subject, direct object, indirect object, all or any of these, may be plural, and it is left to the context to indicate which." [lp, da]
#-wi -- when suffixed after cardinal numbers, it indicates part of a larger group ("n of them"). It is preceded by /i/ when the number ends in a consonant. [lp]
#-wî -- an old feminine suffix [lp]
#-xdjî -- intensification suffix, "very, so, quickly, much, etc." [cf. -tcî] [da]
#-xiri -- to squash something smeary, but a harder substance than -zip [mn]
#-xkire -- scattered and distant, indistinct, barely visible but in motion [d]
#-xtcî (or #-xdjî) -- very (it intensifies the meaning of the stem) [lp]
’â -- to carry, hold up in the arms, to lift [m]
’â -- to take out [m]
’â’a -- delicious [m]
’â’adinâ -- to be delicious [cf. di, to grow] [m]
’ac -- to open [lp]
’ac, (see ’as, ’ax) -- to spread out, spread open [m]
’ackénîk -- a little way off [sb-B]
’ackénîk -- close [sb-K]
’ackénîke -- a little way off [sb-B]
’âdjínâkce -- to come out of the water [cf. ’âtc, out of water; hi, arrive, going] [m]
’aíranaka -- they said and [sb-D]
’aíreje -- it is said [sb-D]
’aíreje -- they said [sb-D, sb-K]
’aírenâ -- they say [sb-D]
’aîrenâ (accent on î) -- it is said [sb-A, sb-G]
’aîrenâ (accent on î) -- they said [sb-A, sb-G, sb-T]
’aítca -- at his arm [sb-D]
’aítca -- by his arm [sb-D]
’aîtca (accent on î) -- by the arm [sb-G]
’ak -- opposite each other [sb-D]
’ak’éki -- across here [sb-K]
’ak’iak’e -- on both sides [sb-K]
’ak’íak’e -- on both sides [sb-D]
’ánaka -- he said and [sb-B]
’âñgtc’k’â´nâk’ -- to take out of the water [lp]
’âñgtc’u -- to unload [lp]
’ântc -- away from the water [sb-BT, m]
’ap -- leaf [su-W, m]
’âp -- to be animated, alive; alive, living [noun, adj.] [m]
’ap’hazi -- bracelet [cf. a, arm; ozi, wrist; pa] [m]
’âpratcénâ (accent on 1st syllable) -- you are alive [sb-T]
’âronâk’ -- catch the arm [sb-D]
’ás -- good to eat [sb-D]
’âs (ar) -- delicious [l-M, m]
’as (vid. ’ac, ’ax) -- to run away [m]
’âs ´ -- delicious [sb-TD]
’âsanâ (a rA n) (ar rA n) -- it is delicious [sb-TD]
’asdinâ, ’âsdinâ -- to be delicious [cf. ’â’s, delicious] [m]
’ásirekatcâ -- they were good to eat [sb-D]
’âsires’aje (ar ri se ra de) -- they are delicious [sb-TD]
’ât’ûpiránaka (accent on 2d syllable) -- they took it out and [sb-K]
’âtc -- out of, away from, water [m]
’atc’ûîranaka (accent on 2d syllable) -- they took out and [sb-D]
’âtcganâk -- to take out [cf. ’â, to lift up, tcgâ, to try] [m]
’âtck’é -- out of [sb-D]
’âtckéreránaka -- they took it away and [sb-D]
’atcoje -- to take out [cf. ’a, to hold up] [m]
’âtcu -- to take out [cf. ’a, to hold up, tcu, within, inside] [m]
’atcuje -- to take out [cf. ’a, to hold up] [m]
’awíre -- say [sb-D]
’ax (vid. ’ac, ’ax) -- to split [lp, m]
’az -- good to eat [sb-D]
’ázires’áje -- they are always good to eat [sb-D]
’azrá -- the tasty [sb-D]
’e -- he [sb-B, sb-VF]
’e -- so [sb-B, sb-D]
’e -- to scatter, disperse, untie [m]
’é -- it [sb-A]
’é -- so [sb-K]
’é -- there [sb-H]
’é -- they [sb-A, sb-G]
’écana -- only [sb-H]
’écânâ -- the only one [sb-T]
’ecunu -- he usually says [sb-B]
’édja -- there [se-I, se-P]
’egátcâ -- after he said it [sb-D]
’égi -- and [se-I, se-P]
’ehé -- Oh [sb-D]
’ehonuâ´kcanâ -- he ran in there [sb-K]
’eje -- he said [sb-D]
’ejé -- he said [sb-B, sb-D, sb-FF, sb-H]
’éje -- he said [sb-D]
’éjé -- he said [sb-B, sb-D]
’ejí -- but [sb-FF]
’eki -- and [sb-B, sb-D, sb-FF]
’eki -- here [sb-D, sb-K]
’eki -- then [sb-B, sb-H]
’ekí -- and [sb-B]
’éki -- and [sb-B, sb-D, sb-G, sb-K, sb-VF]
’éki -- and [sb-H]
’éki -- here [sb-D, sb-FF, sb-K]
’éki -- then [sb-D, sb-FF, sb-G, sb-H, sb-K, sb-VF]
’éki -- there [sb-H]
’ekowénâ (< ’eki-howénâ) -- going here [sb-K]
’eowaraíreje -- there they went [sb-D]
’eowáre -- to go there [sb-D]
’ép’a -- from this time on [sb-B]
’ésge -- and so [r-B2]
’eske -- so [sb-B]
’éske -- so [sb-B, sb-FF, sb-G, sb-H, sb-T, sb-VF]
’éske -- then [sb-B]
’éské tc’ikí -- because he lives [sb-D]
’etc’â -- then, on the contrary, even, besides [sb-H]
’etc’â ´ -- even before [sb-D]
’etc’á’û -- to do something [sb-D]
’etca -- outside [su-W]
’etca -- there [sb-K]
’étca -- about [sb-T]
’étca -- at [sb-FF]
’étca -- then [sb-H]
’étca -- there [sb-B, sb-D, sb-FF, sb-H, sb-K, sb-VF]
’etcâk’e’û´nî (accent on 2d syllable) -- to do it (should have done something) [sb-D]
’étcaki -- therein [sb-FF]
’étcanâkce -- there it sat [sb-B]
’etcaxtcî -- that’s all [sb-D]
’étcaxtci -- just about the time [sb-D]
’étcaxtcî -- maybe [sb-D]
’étcerenâ -- it belongs there [sb-K]
’étcirakínâ (< ’étca hirakínâ) -- he put it up there [sb-H]
’éwa’û´nákcana -- they do that [sb-H]
’éwàwàtektcénâ -- I will go over there [sb-K]
’i -- to pass time [m]
’î -- to become. ha’î, I become. c’î, you (sg.) become. [m]
’î -- to live [lp, m]
’iañgenúnîginìjâ -- an old man [jb-F]
’îdjera -- face to face [m]
’îdjokipahi -- back to back, unopposable [cf. ’îtc, back to back; pahi, up to] [m]
’îetcot’ûréki (accent on the 1st syllable) -- when he threw it into his mouth [sb-G]
’ihâp -- (to spend) the night [cf. ’i, to pass time; hâp, day] [m]
’îhâp -- night [se-I]
’ihâpnâ -- go to sleep without eating [cf. ’i, to pass time; hâp, day] [m]
’îkdjanénâ -- he will be [r-S]
’indj hokipahi -- face to face [cf. pahi, up to] [m]
’înék’i -- alone [sb-B]
’înék’ixtcîje -- he was by himself [sb-B]
’ineki -- alone [se-P]
’îníje (accent on 1st syllable) -- it is stone [sb-D]
’inískeje -- it was like the mouth [sb-K]
’irá -- the mouth [sb-K]
’îrék’i -- alone [sb-D, sb-FF]
’îreki (accent on 1st syllable) -- alone [h-R2]
’íro -- cheek [m]
’îtc -- face [m] Cf. Biloxi: ité, forehead, face; Dakota: ite, face; it’e, forehead.
’itcap -- apart, isolated, separte [cf. ’i, tcap, to make contact] [m]
’îwa’unâ -- to wear, wrap around (cf. ’î, and ’û, to do]) [m]
’iwujî -- prize ? (captured man); to brace, to hold [cf. ’i, to hold; jî, to brace] [m]
’iwujonâk -- to brace by holding [cf. ’i, to hold; jî, to brace] [m]
’iwus -- I am thirsty [m]
’îxdjikarak -- to grunt [cf. rak, to ask, tell; ’î]] [m]
’ixirí -- scabby-mouthed [cf. xiri, to be sore] [m]
’o -- to shoot [m]
’ok’cû’co edjahipa -- where the elbow is loose (joint) [cf. ’o ?; k’cû ?] [m]
’ok’cûkcô adja hipa -- where elbow is loose (joint) [m]
’onâ -- to shoot. ha’onâ, I shoot. c’onâ, you (sg.) shoot. [m]
’onî -- to remain [m]
’onije -- to remain [m]
’û -- doing [lt-C]
’û -- he did it [jf-LT]
’û -- to be, it was [sb-H, m]
’û -- to use, act, work at [m]
’û (o) -- I am [r-Y]
’û (o) -- to do [sb-V, l-E, r-T, lp, m]
’û (o) -- to make [r-T, m]
’û´nak’û -- to do and finish [sb-H]
’û’dja’û -- finally [hz-L]
’ú’wañk’û -- continuing [rh-W]
’uâ -- to keep on, try continuously, work at [m]
’uâ -- use, try [m]
’uâ´djenâ -- they turn against someone [jb-F]
’ûâ´gigínâ -- I compel him [lp]
’uâ´higádjâ -- in? she went [rs-S]
’uâ´k’û -- he had been [h-R1, h-R2]
’uâ´nâga -- and [h-R2]
’uade -- burning [m]
’ûade -- to burn [m]
’uâdjagi -- when she saw [rs-S]
’uádjaraíreje -- it began to happen to them [rh-O]
’uâdje (accent on 2d syllable) -- do (imperative) [h-B]
’uâdje (accent on 2d syllable) -- shout (imperative) [jb-B]
’uâdji-araírecguni -- they kept right on [h-B]
’uâgera -- upwards [e-B1]
’uâgigi -- I permit, allow to do [m]
’uâgíji -- I allow to do [m]
’uâhigádjâ -- as he went along [h-TM]
’uâhíregadja -- after going a distance [rh-W]
’uâhíreje -- they were going [r-DC]
’ûâhírekàtcâ -- they got there and [sb-H]
’uâhohíreje -- they shouted [jb-F]
’uâk’re -- to continue, go on [m]
’ûâk’û (accent on 1st syllable) -- doing thus [h-R2]
’uâkigìji -- as he went along [jb-MR]
’ûámâk -- I am in the action of doing it; I am getting used to the action of doing it [m]
’ûanâga (ow n K) -- he did and [r-T]
’ûanâga (ow n K) -- he used, and [sb-L]
’uánañga -- he did, [and] [rg-G, jb-FF]
’uánañga -- he makes, and [r-P]
’ûanañga -- he did and [jb-B]
’uanáñgwicgùni -- they were [rh-S]
’ûanatc -- to appoint [m]
’uañgédja -- from above [sb-N]
’uáñgehinû´pdjega -- the second man [r-CM]
’uañgenóñka -- man [jb-S]
’uañgerá -- a man [r-DC]
’uañgerégi -- from above [jb-DD2]
’uañgerégi -- up above [jb-DD2, sb-TM]
’uáñgeregi -- from above [sb-N]
’uáñgeregi -- up above [r-P]
’uañgeregináñk’i -- on high where he sat [r-P]
’uañgiâ ´ -- a man [rg-G]
’uañgijâ -- a man [jb-DD2]
’uáñgiregádjâ -- as they went [r-DC]
’uañgonihokirádjera -- clans different [r-DC]
’uañgonina -- clan [r-DC]
’uáñk’û` -- he was doing it [r-P]
’uañkcígera -- the people [r-DC]
’uañkcígo’î -- life [r-DC]
’uañkcígo-î´na -- the life [r-DC]
’uañkcik -- their life [r-DC]
’uañkcík -- life [r-DC]
’uañkcík -- people [r-DC]
’uáñkcik -- men [sb-TM]
’uañkcik î´nenâ -- they lived [r-DC]
’uañkcik’-î´neje -- they lived [r-DC]
’uañkcik’o-î´negi -- they lived [r-DC]
’uañkcikínena -- they live [r-DC]
’uáñkiji -- it was [rh-O]
’ûaratc -- to appoint (cf. ’û, to do ?]; ratc, to call) [m]
’ûâtce -- stay [sb-B]
’ûâtciaraíreki -- as they started to do it [sb-D]
’ûâtciaraíreki (accent on 1st syllable) -- as they kept doing it [sb-K]
’ûcgunije -- maybe he did [sb-TD]
’ûcínâ -- to want someone to do [sb-D]
’ûcûnûnâ (o doAo no n) -- he used to do it [r-Y]
’ûcûnûnâ (o doAo no n) -- he would do [r-T]
’ûdja’û -- finally [m]
’ûdja’û -- she was doing [h-R1, h-R2]
’ûdja’û (accent on 1st syllable) -- finally [jh]
’ûdja’û (accent on 1st syllable) -- she went on [h-R2]
’ûdja’û (accent on 1st syllable) -- they were [h-R2]
’ûdja’û (accent on 1st syllable) -- while at it [e-B2]
’ûdja’û (o tt o) -- finally [sb-BT, sb-L, sb-TD, l-TT, r-BB, r-T]
’ûdja’û (o tt o) -- thus doing [sb-BT]
’ûdja’û (o tt o) -- while doing thus [bp-TB]
’ûdja’û´ (accent on 1st syllable) -- finally [jb-MR]
’ûdjegi (accent on first syllable) -- he was about [rh-S]
’ûdjegiji (o tte Ki di) -- there it was [l-TF]
’ûdjegûnî (o tte Ko ni) -- he must be doing it [r-Y]
’ûdjéje (o tte de) -- he remained [r-Y]
’ûdjéje (o tte de) -- he was at (that place) [h-H, r-Y]
’ûdjéje (o tte de) -- it was, he was [bp-TB, r-Y]
’ûdjejedjera (o tte de tte s) -- he is [bp-TB]
’ûdjenâ (o tte n) -- he is [r-Y]
’ûdjéra (o tte s) -- over there [r-Y]
’ûdjéra (o tte s) -- the one who wants it [r-Y]
’ûdjéra (o tte s) -- there is [r-Y]
’udjerok -- within [cf. ’utc, inside of the stomach, entrails] [m]
’ûdjes’ágiji -- he used to be [h-R1, h-R2]
’ûdjes’aje (o tte ra de) -- he used to be [sb-BT]
’ûdjiragínije (accent on 1st syllable) -- they started [jb-D]
’ûdjiraginîje (o tti s Ki ni de) -- he began [already] [r-Y]
’ûdjirawije (o tti s wi de) -- they started [r-Y]
’ûdjiregàdjâ (accent on 1st syllable) -- he began thus [h-R2]
’ûdjiregiji (o tti se Ki di) -- thus he kept on and [r-Y]
’ûdjireje (o tti se de) -- it repeatedly did thus [bp-TB]
’ûdjíwa’`ûcg`ûnî -- to do, he arrived coming to do it perhaps (he came to do) [w-TI]
’ûenâ (o e n) -- we can do it [r-Y]
’uerécge -- lies sickly [rg-G]
’ûga -- he made [jb-MR]
’ûga (o K) -- that were created [sb-L]
’ûgádjâ -- indeed [h-R2]
’ûgadjâ (o K tt) -- he made, so [r-BB]
’ûgadjâ (o K tt) -- when he did it [r-T]
’ûgádjâ? -- are you (doing) thus? [h-R2]
’ûgaedja (o K e tt) -- when he does it [r-T]
’ûgèdjin`î (accent on 1st syllable) -- because he did it [w-TI]
’ûgigi -- to permit, to allow to do [m]
’ûgigije (o Ki Ki de) -- he let it happen [r-BB]
’ûgigíwire -- let us do it to them [jb-F]
’ûgíji -- he made [h-B]
’ûgíji -- to allow to do [m]
’ûgiji (o Ki di) -- he created [r-T]
’ûgiji (o Ki di) -- he did it, and [r-T]
’ûgiji (o Ki di) -- he made, and [sb-L]
’ûgiji (o Ki di) -- when he did it [sb-L]
’ûgiji (o Ki di) -- which he made [sb-L]
’ûgíji (o Ki di) -- having made [r-BB]
’ûgíji (o Ki di) -- when he created [r-WH]
’ûgunige -- it is possible he did [sb-TD]
’ûha (accent on 1st syllable) -- an exclamation translated as "well ..." it also expresses some measure of affirmation. [h-R2]
’ûhadjínâ -- I have a reason [rh-T]
’ûhanihékdjawínâ -- we will be using [r-DC]
’ûhecgúni -- he was going on [rh-S]
’ûhihadjegadjâ (o Ai A tte K tt) -- I am willing [r-Y]
’ûhirániheje -- they traveled [jh]
’ûhiranihenâ (o Ai s ni Ae n) -- they were then and ever are [sb-E]
’ûhiranîje (o Ai s ni de) -- they would not do it [sb-V]
’ûhiré -- they do [lt-C]
’ûhirekdjanahe (o Ai se Ktt n Ae) -- they are about to do [l-E]
’ûhirekdjanahenâ (o Ai se Ktt n Ae n) -- they will do it [r-Y]
’ûhires’aje -- it is usually (done) [hz-O]
’ûhocdjâgìji (accent on 1st syllable) -- when through with that [h-R2]
’ûhohireje (o Ao Ai se de) -- he was thrown down [sb-F]
’ûhunihéra -- he was to do [jb-MR]
’uîgigirekdjanera -- it (he) is in readiness [m]
’ûihiranîs’aje (o Ai s ni ra de) -- they would not receive it [r-I]
’ûîje (accent on 1st syllable) -- he did it [h-R2]
’û-îjerénâ -- he generally does it [jb-F]
’u-îk’arohoírenâ -- they are trying [jb-F]
’uîmâkra -- to be accustomed to [m]
’úinanañga -- they constructed [r-P]
’ú-inegadjâ -- they did (it) and [h-B]
’u-inegi -- they made [jb-F]
’u-inégi -- they did [h-O]
’uinegixdjî (o i ne Ki xitti) -- you are living alone [r-Y]
’u-inejé -- they did/were [jb-F]
’úineje -- they did [sb-N]
’ú-ineje -- they did [h-O]
’ú-inekdjénâ -- they [should] do it [rh-S]
’û-inekdjéra -- let them go [h-T]
’úinékdjonawigàdjâ -- they will do it to us [jh]
’uinénâ -- the ones who do it [sb-W]
’u-inénâ -- they did (it) [jh-M]
’ú-inewicgùninâ -- we amounted to [sb-P]
’ûiranigadjâ (oyi s ni K tt) -- they did not do [r-Y]
’ûíranîje -- they were not [sb-VF]
’úîranikdjanihènâ -- they will not be the ones who do it to you [h-R2]
’ûirega (oyi se K) -- when they did [sb-L]
’ûiregi (oyi se Ki) -- what they had done [sb-TD]
’úîregìji -- thus they were [h-R2]
’ûîregiji (oy se Ki di) -- they did it, and [r-T]
’úîreje -- they did [h-R2]
’ûiréje -- they do it [sb-H]
’ûireje (accent on 1st syllable) -- they did [sb-D, sb-H]
’ûîreje (accent on 1st syllable) -- they did [sb-H]
’ûîreje (accent on î) -- they adopted him [sb-T]
’ûîreje (oy se de) (oyi se de) -- they did (it) [h-R2, l-E, r-I]
’ûireje (oyi se de) -- they did, they were doing it [l-M, r-Y]
’ûîreje (oyi se de) -- they made [r-BB, r-I]
’ûîreka (accent on î) -- they did [sb-D]
’ûirekdjanahenâ (oyi se Ktt n Ae n) -- they will do it [r-Y]
’úîrekdjanège -- they were to be [h-R2]
’ûirekdje (oyi se Ktte) -- it is to be done [sb-BT]
’ûireki (accent on 1st syllable) -- when they do [sb-H]
’uîrenâ -- they made [r-BC]
’uitc -- mouth of a river [sb-K]
’ûjé -- he did it [r-P]
’ûjé -- he made [sb-B, sb-K]
’ûjé -- it was [sb-A]
’ûje (accent on 1st syllable) -- it was [r-P]
’ûjé (accent on 1st syllable) -- he made [sb-B]
’ûje (accent on first syllable) -- he made [h-G]
’ûje (o de) -- being [r-BB]
’ûje (o de) -- he did (it) [sb-F, bp-TB, l-L, r-T, r-WH]
’ûje (o de) -- he made [r-T]
’ûje (o de) -- he made [sb-L]
’ûje (o de) -- he tried [sb-F]
’ûje (o de) -- he was [r-Y]
’ûje (o de) -- it did [bp-TA, r-T]
’ûje (o de) -- it was done [r-T]
’uji -- anus, rectum [m]
’úji howaxû -- enema [cf. ’úji, anus; xû, to flow] [m]
’ujira -- anus, rectum [m]
’ûk’djégi -- to use it [sb-P]
’ûk’û -- he was doing it [h-R2]
’ûkdjanaheje (o Ktt n Ae de) -- he could be [r-Y]
’ûkdjanahenâ (o Ktt n Ae n) -- he will do [r-T]
’ûkdjanahenâ (o Ktt n Ae n) -- I will do it [r-Y]
’ûkdjanahera (o Ktt n Ae s) -- who will really do it [r-T]
’ûkdjanheje (o Ktt n Ae de) -- he was going to have [r-Y]
’ûkdjénâ -- let her do it [h-T]
’ûke (o Ke) -- you are always doing it [l-MS]
’ûkecûnûnâ (o Ke doAo no n) -- he has done it often [r-Y]
’ûkikíreje (accent on 1st syllable) -- they let him [sb-T]
’ûkúnî -- maybe he was [sb-K]
’ûkûni (accent on 2d syllable) -- he may be [sb-K]
’umâk -- to be attached to [m]
’û-mak -- anxious, to be; attached to, to be; accustomed, to be [m]
’ûmâk -- they are in the action of doing it; they get used to the action of doing it [cf. mâk, to get used to] [m]
’ûmâk -- to be attached to, accustomed to [m]
’ûmâk (o mK) -- he was used to the place [sb-BT]
’ûmâkireje (o mK Ki se de) -- they were accustomed to him [r-T]
’umañkdjî´dje -- he was used to him [h-G]
’únâ -- caused [sb-W]
’únâ -- done [jh-M]
’únâ -- he made [rh-P]
’ûna -- doing [jb-MR]
’ûnâ (o n) -- he is doing [l-TF ]
’ûnacánâ -- as he makes [jb-AM]
’ûnaci -- you (sg.) tell him to do (cf. ci, to tell) [m]
’unâge -- to run and rush up [m]
’unágecérageníje? -- did you not tell me of it? [h-R2]
’una-î´ne -- you try to do [r-DC]
’ûnainîkdjenâ (o n i ni Kette n) -- they must not do it [r-Y]
’ûnâk (accent on 1st syllable) -- doing [jb-MR]
’ûnâk (o nK) -- to make [r-BB]
’únak’`û -- while doing it [sb-K]
’ûnâk’`û -- they kept doing this [sb-K]
’ûnâk’ce (accent on 1st syllable) -- he did [sb-H]
’únâk’û -- doing this [h-R2]
’únâk’û -- doing thus [h-R2]
’únâk’û -- finally [h-R2, h-T]
’únâk’û -- thus they were [h-R2]
’ûnâk’û -- while doing it [sb-B]
’ûnak’û (accent on 1st syllable) -- as they were doing it [sb-D]
’ûnâk’û (accent on 1st syllable) -- they were doing [jb-MR]
’ûnâk’û (accent on 2d syllable) -- after awhile [sb-B]
’ûnâk’û (o n Koo) -- as they went about [sb-HW]
’ûnâk’û (o n Koo) -- as they went along [sb-TJ]
’ûnâk’û (o n Koo) -- as they went on [sb-TD]
’ûnâk’û (o n Koo) -- they remained awhile [sb-HW]
’ûnâk’û (o n Koo) -- until [sb-L]
’ûnâk’û (o n Koo) (o nK Koo) -- finally [hz-O, sb-E, sb-L, bp-A, bp-TA, r-T, r-Y, r-WH]
’ûnâk’û (o nK Koo) -- while they were doing this [sb-TD]
’ûnâk’û (o nK o) -- doing thus [sb-BT]
’ûnak’û´ (accent on 1st syllable) -- as they were doing it [sb-D]
’ûnak’û´ (accent on 1st syllable) -- still [sb-D]
’ûnak’û´ (accent on 1st syllable) -- while doing it [sb-D]
’unâk’û´cge -- finally (a doing it on) [h-R2]
’ûnâka (o n K) -- the one who made [r-BB]
’ûnákcanâ -- he was [sb-VF]
’ûnâkcanâ (o nK dA n) -- he is doing [sb-F]
’ûnâkcanâ (o nK dA n) -- they were [r-Y]
’ûnâkce (o nK deAe) -- he made [r-BB]
’ûnâkce (o nK deAe) -- they were [r-Y]
’únâke -- they were doing [h-T]
’ûnâki (o n Ki) -- of their presence [sb-TJ]
’ûnâkiji (o n Ki di) -- he would do [sb-BT]
’ûnâkiji (o n Ki di) -- when he was [r-Y]
’ûnâkînîje (o n Ki ni de) -- already they were [l-TT]
’unâks’ági -- they used to be [h-R2]
’unâks’áje -- they were always [h-R2]
’ûnâks’àje (accent on 1st syllable) -- he always does [sb-D]
’ûnâks’aje (o nK ra de) -- he would be [r-BB, r-T]
’ûnâks’aje (o nK ra de) -- they would always be [l-TF]
’ûnaks’áke -- because they kept doing this [sb-D]
’únañk’i -- they were staying [jb-F]
’únañk’û -- at last [jh]
’únañk’û -- finally [jh]
’únañk’û -- he was [rw-W]
’únañk’û -- they were doing [h-O]
’únañk’û -- they would be [rw-W]
’únañk’ûnâhíreje -- when they put him to sleep [rs-S]
’únañkcanâ -- they are at (that place) [h-W]
’ûnañks’ácguní -- when they were going on a hunt [rs-S]
’únañks’ági -- as they went on [jb-D]
’únañks’áje -- they would always be there [jb-B]
’uné -- do (imperative) [rw-W]
’ûné -- do (imperative) [h-B]
’ûnehákdje? -- I would do it [h-R2]
’unéje -- they had [h-H]
’uñgádjâ -- reason [rh-T]
’ûñgadjâ wa’únañk? -- (why) is she doing this? [rs-S]
’ûñgije (accent on first syllable) -- she went and made [rs-S]
’uñgíji -- (when) he did it [h-TM]
’uñgíji -- as he made [r-P]
’uñgíji -- he did [h-H]
’ûnî (o ni) -- to not do [sb-E]
’úni-âdje -- do not go [p-F]
’ûnîâdje -- you will not do [b-E]
’ûnícgune -- did [he] do it [rh-O]
’ûniha’û -- with great effort [m]
’ûniha’û (o ni A o) -- as thus he went on [l-E]
’unihégi -- thus he had been [h-R2]
’unihejè -- he keeps doing it [se-I]
’unihéje -- he was thus [h-R2]
’uniheje (o ni Ae de) -- she remained [bp-TP]
’unihéje (o ni Ae de) -- he was [sb-W, r-Y]
’ûniheje (o ni Ae de) -- he remained [bp-TO]
’unihéra -- he created [jb-MR]
’unihes’aje (o ni Ae ra de) -- he would continue [r-Y]
’únije -- he did not give (them something) [jf-M, jb-F]
’unije (o ni de) -- he has not been [l-TF]
’uníje (o ni de) -- he did not do it, to not do it [h-TM]
’ûnîje (o ni de) -- he did not do it [l-M, r-BB, r-T]
’ûnîje (o ni de) -- he had not done [r-T]
’únîk’djonènâ -- he will not have [sb-W]
’unikáwi-àdje -- you must stay [h-O]
’ûnîkdje (o ni Kette) -- they must not take part in it [r-Y]
’unínâ -- do not do it [h-C]
’ûnínâ (o ni n) -- I did not do [l-M]
’uninâ´je -- it stretched [sb-W]
’unis’áje -- there would not (do) [h-R2]
’ûnis’aje (o ni ra de) -- he would not do it [l-MS, r-T]
’ûñje (accent on 1st syllable) -- he made [lp-S]
’uñk’djonàwije -- we are to do? [jb-F]
’úñkarahá’û -- while going [h-W]
’uñkáwaja -- no [rh-T]
’ûnôká -- these [jb-BH]
’únoñkhíre -- leave her alone [rs-S]
’ûñtc’ebígijí -- when he finished him [lp-S]
’uñxdjî -- she did very much [h-W]
’uñxdjî ´ -- they did much more [jb-L]
’úñxdjianañga -- try hard [rs-S]
’uñxdjínañk -- very much [rs-S]
’uñxdjînecguni -- they did very much [jb-D]
’uñxdjínegi -- when at the worst [h-O]
’uñxdjíneje -- they did very much [rs-S, h-H]
’uñxdjîneje -- they did very much [jb-V]
’uñxdjînéje -- they did very much [h-W]
’úñxdjines’àje -- very much [h-O]
’uñxdjíñxdjî -- she did much [h-W]
’ûpigadjâ (o liAi K tt) -- it could be done [r-Y]
’ûpigadjâ (o liAi K tt) -- we could have [r-Y]
’ûpije (o liAi de) -- we would have [r-Y]
’ûpinâ (o liAi n) -- he can do it [l-TT]
’ûpinínâ -- it can be done [h-R2]
’ûra (o s) -- doing [r-WH]
’ûra (o s) -- he created [r-BB, r-WH]
’ûra (o s) -- that are created [r-Y]
’ûra (o s) -- that he made [r-T]
’ûra (o s) -- they did [r-Y]
’ûra (o s) -- they were doing [r-Y]
’ûra (o s) -- to do [hz-O, r-Y]
’ûra (o s) -- who did [r-T]
’ûracikdjawinâ (o s diAi Ktt wi n) -- tell her [r-T]
’ûracûnûnâ (o s? doAo no n) -- he is always doing [bp-TA]
’uramâk -- you (sg.) are attached to [m]
’ûramâk -- in the action of doing it ?; get used to the action of doing it ? [cf. ’û, todo] [m]
’ûramâk -- you (sg.) get used to [m]
’ûre (accent on 1st syllable) -- that much [r-B2]
’ûre (o se) -- do (that) (imperative) [l-M, r-T]
’ûregere (o se Ke se) -- he did [bp-TO]
’ûrehiga (o se Ai K) -- he shot [l-M]
’ûrehije (o se Ai de) -- he did it [r-Y]
’ûs’áje -- that way they used to be [h-R2]
’ûs’áje (o ra de) -- he would do it over [r-Y]
’ûsde -- burn, to [m]
’ûsge (accent on 1st syllable) -- "Exclamation used when puzzled or discontented." [h-R2]
’ûsge (accent on 1st syllable) -- well (exclamation) [h-T]
’ûské -- let’s see … (hesitation) [su-W]
’utc -- inside of the stomach, entrails [r-SD]
’utc -- mouth of a river [sb-K]
’utcâknâkce -- to become pregnant [cf. ’utc, inside of the stomach] [m]
’ûtcebirenâ -- they finished [r-BC]
’ûtcehírekàtcâ (accent on 1st syllable) -- they kept doing it [sb-B]
’utci -- anus [r-SD]
’utciwojúra -- the guts [sb-H]
’ûtcotco-anâga -- to put in (cf. ’û, to do, tcu, within, inside of) [m]
’utcutcu -- carry inside of (cf. ’û, to do, tcu, within, inside of) [m]
’utcwojúra -- the insides [sb-H]
’ûwa’û´nâ´kce -- they were doing to them [sb-H]
’ûwa’ûireje (o w oyi se de) -- they were trying to do [l-M]
’ûwa’úna -- he gave [rg-G]
’ûwa’ûnagiji (o w o n Ki di) -- they are doing it [r-Y]
’ûwa’ûnâkce (o w o nK deAe) -- he was working on [r-T]
’ûwa’ûwagi (o w ow Ki) -- he is doing [bp-TA]
’ûwacégi -- you told him to do (it) [rh-S]
’ûwâci -- I tell him to do [cf. ’û, to do; ci, to tell] [m]
’ûwacícguni -- he began dancing [jf-M]
’ûwadjawinâ (ow tt wi n) -- they are [r-Y]
’ûwadje (ow tte) -- do so [r-I]
’ûwadjiarairegere (ow ttiy sy se Ke se) -- thus they did repeatedly [sb-TD]
’ûwâdjíre -- they came doing [h-T]
’ûwâgacirawigcana -- only if they give us permission [se-P]
’ûwagiji (ow Ki di) -- (as) he was [l-TT]
’ûwagiwadjaje (ow Ki w tt de) -- he saw them [sb-TJ]
’uwahigadjâ (ow Ai K tt) -- on the way [l-M]
’úwahigadjâ (ow Ai K tt) -- as he was going, as he went (along) [bp-A, bp-P, bp-TB, bp-TC, bp-TO, bp-TW, l-L]
’úwahira -- the one who causes [sb-W]
’úwahiregadjâ (ow Ai se K tt) -- on the way [l-M]
’ûwahiregadjâ (ow Ai se K tt) -- as they were going along [sb-E, sb-L]
’uwâk (owK) -- he is [l-S]
’uwâk (owK) -- he was walking [l-E]
’ûwâk’û (ow Koo) -- as thus he did [l-TT]
’ûwâk’û (ow Koo) -- thus doing [bp-TO]
’ûwâk’û (owK Koo) -- finally [bp-A, r-WH]
’ûwâkaraireje (ow K sy se de) -- they did [r-T]
’uwâkcanâ (owK dA n) -- he is going [bp-TB]
’uwâkce (owK deAe) -- he is, he was [bp-TA, bp-TC, bp-TO, l-MT]
’uwâkce (owK deAe) -- there were [bp-TO]
’ûwâkce (owK deAe) -- he kept on [l-TT]
’ûwâkiriregadjâ (ow Ki si se K tt) -- as they came on their way [sb-L, sb-TJ]
’uwâkwire (accent on 2d syllable) -- let me continue on [r-B2]
’ûwanâga (ow n K) -- he did (it) and [bp-TB, r-T, r-WH]
’ûwanâkiji (o w n Ki di) -- they are doing [r-Y]
’uwáñgwine -- let me continue on [r-B1]
’uwañk’û -- as he continued [p-B]
’uwáñkcguni -- they would do [rs-S]
’ûwi-â´dje -- you dare to do it [jb-F]
’ûwiádje -- you make (imperative) [rh-T]
’ûwicgúni -- they did it [h-R2]
’ûwigûnî (o wi Ko ni) -- they must have done [r-WH]
’ûwije (o wi de) -- they made [l-M]
’ûwije (o wi de) -- they walked [l-M]
’ûwinanihécge -- they do [h-T]
’ûwíne -- do it [h-T]
’ûwine (accent on 1st syllable) -- do it [h-T]
’ûwiníne -- do not do it to us [h-T]
’ûwire (o wi se) -- go ahead [sb-TJ]
’ûwire (o wi se) -- go ahead and do it [r-Y]
’ûwire (o wi se) -- we will do it [r-I]
’ûxdjî -- they did very much [h-T]
’ûxdjî (o xitti) -- doing very much [sb-V]
’ûxdjî (o xitti) -- he did very much [l-E, r-WH]
’ûxdjîhira (o xitti Ai s) -- very much they did [bp-TP]
’ûxdjîhireje (o xitti Ai se de) -- very hard they [did it] [sb-HW]
’ûxdjîje (o xitti de) -- he did much [r-Y]
’ûxdjîje (o xitti de) -- it did very much [bp-TB]
’ûxdjînâkce (o xitti nK deAe) -- he was doing much [r-Y]
’ûxdjînâkce (o xitti nK deAe) -- they did very much [bp-TA]
’ûxdjine -- to make noise [m]
’ûxdjîneje (o xitti ne de) -- they did much [r-Y]
’ûxdjîra (o xitti s) -- they tried very hard [sb-L]
’ûxdjîreje (o xitti se de) -- they did much [sb-TJ]
’ûxdjîreje (o xitti se de) -- they did very much [sb-L, r-Y]
’ûxdjîreje (o xitti se de) -- very mighty [l-M]
’ûxdjîres’aje (o xitti se ra de) -- they would do it very much [r-Y]
’ûxdjîwije (o xitti wi de) -- they did very much [l-M]
’ûxici oisep -- cold charcoal (cf. xicî, to make coals) [m]
’ûxini hoisep (o xiAi ni Aoyi reAele) -- he threw charcoal [r-T]
’ûxini oisep -- cold charcoal [cf., ’û, to do; xinî, to send off sparks] [m]
’ûxínio-isép -- smirched with charcoal [jb-B]
’ûxini-osep -- to smirch with charcoal (cf. û, to do; xinî, to make coals, send off sparks; sep, black) [m]
’ûxtcî´neje (accent on 1st syllable) -- they really did it [sb-B]
’ûxtcîreckûnî -- they really did it [sb-D]
’ûxtcíreje (accent on 1st syllable) -- they did a lot [sb-B]
’ûxtcîreje (accent on 2d syllable) -- they really did it [sb-D]
’yáhâ´deadjára -- that I’ve been dreaming about [rs-S]
’yapéresninunigé -- I don’t know [but] [jb-L]
’yapérezcànâ -- I knew it [h-TM]
’yaréra -- I thought [h-O]
’yowaraíreje -- they went [jb-V]
’yuñgewina -- the princesses [jh-M]
1865-regi -- in [the year] 1865 [jh]
a -- aw (exclamation) [h-T]
a -- saying [jb-B]
á -- ah [w-TI]
á -- arm [mn]
â -- aw (exclamation) [h-T]
â -- to pull up, raise [d]
a (a) -- ah [sb-F]
a (a) -- arms [g-C, bp-TB, r-T, m]
a (a) -- he had said [bp-P, bp-TC]
a (a) -- he said [lt-R, sb-L, sb-TD, bp-P, r-BB]
a (a) -- oh [r-T]
a (a) -- saying [r-WH]
a (a) -- they said [r-WH]
â (suffix) -- to hold up a weight [mn]
a hîtek’cunu -- my arm aches (Amell. has -cana for-cunu) [d]
a’aki (a a Ki) -- on both sides [r-Y]
a’aki (a a Ki) -- on either side [r-BB]
a’akirutidjenâ (a a Ki so ti tte n) -- he is dragging them [r-Y]
a’û´nije -- he remained for a period of time [jb-F]
aakí -- on both sides [lt-C]
a-ánâga -- he said [r-S]
áänina -- my arm [f]
ab -- leaves [b-G]
ábara -- leaf [su-W]
abera -- leaf [m]
ábera -- the leaves [jb-DD1, jb-G]
âbera (accent on 1st syllable) -- to get down [h-O]
Abraham -- Abraham [b-LK]
ac (suffix) -- open [mn]
ácanâ -- they said [r-K]
acawákera -- elbow [f]
ácena -- over [g-H]
acgé -- near, close by [al, rs-S, mn]
acge (a deKe) -- near [sb-L , jb-AM, r-T]
acge (a deKe) -- very near [sb-BT, r-T]
acgek’irigádjâ -- when he was near [al]
acgekiwigiji (a deKe Ki wi Ki di) -- when they got back near [r-Y]
acgekixdjînîk -- very close together [jw-B]
acgenîk (a deKe niKi) -- near here [sb-F]
acgéniñk -- near, close to [rh-F, rh-O, rh-T]
acgéxdjî (a deKe xitti) -- very close [l-TF]
acgéxdjî (a deKe xitti) -- very near [p-M, sb-E]
acgéxdjînîk -- very near [rt-T]
acgéxdjiniñk -- real close [rh-S]
ácíanâga -- to ask that I come, and [h-R1]
ácke -- nearer [g-C]
acke (a deKe) -- near [l-MS, r-BB]
acke (a deKe) -- nearer [bp-P]
ácke hadjína -- I come nearer [g-C]
áckenik -- near [g-H]
ackenîk (a deKe niKi) -- very close [l-E]
áckenik (aash-ka-nick) -- close by, not far off [ge]
ackéniñk -- a little nearer [lt-M, lt-R]
ackexdjî (a deKe xitti) -- very near [bp-TO]
ackéxtcîníñk -- a very little closer [lt-M]
Adedjirehiga -- He who Sets the Prairie Grass on Fire Suddenly (as the lightning), a personal name in the Bird Clan [r-WT]
ádja -- at that time [lt-C]
adja (a tt) -- previously [sb-L]
adja (a tt) -- you must say [r-Y]
ádja’û -- saying this [h-R2]
adja’û (a tt oo) -- finally [r-I]
adjaíreje -- they saw [jb-S]
adjáje -- he saw her [rs-S]
adjaje (a tt de) -- he was telling them [r-Y]
adjâré (a tt se) -- to say [bp-P]
adja-û -- as she said it [p-B]
ádjáû -- saying this [h-R1]
àdjaû -- as he was coaxing him [jc-F]
adjawije (a tt wi d[e]) -- they stood and said [r-T]
adjawije (a tt wi de) -- they said [sb-L]
âdje -- from? water [m]
âdjédja -- on the shore [jb-D, h-TM]
adjega (a tte K) -- he had said [bp-P]
adjegádjâ -- of course [h-O]
ádjègàdjâ -- [as] he says it [w-TI]
ádjeje -- he was saying [h-T]
adjeje (a tte de) -- he was saying [sb-F, bp-Tc, bp-TP, r-Y]
adjénâ -- I am [h-O]
adjenâ (a tte n) -- he wants [r-Y]
adjenâ (a tte n) -- she is saying [bp-TP]
adjera (a tte s) -- he is saying [r-Y]
adjí -- he came [lt-TB]
adjí -- here at [h-B]
adjínâ -- I am coming [r-P]
âdjínâ -- I have [h-O]
adjinâkce (a tti nK deAe) -- he came out [sb-BT, sb-TD, bp-Tw]
adjinâkdja (a tti n K tt) -- he got out [l-M]
adjinâkgiji (a tti nK Ki di) -- when it had come out [sb-TD]
adjinâknâkanâga (a tti nK n K n K) -- he jumped out, and [sb-L]
adjinâknîje (a tti nK ni de) -- he would not come out [l-MT]
âdjínañk -- they came out [jb-D]
adjiragere (a tti s Ke se) -- thus he repeatedly said [bp-P]
adjiregá -- when he starts talking [lp]
ádjirehírekdjanéna -- they’ll say [rt-T]
adjíreje -- they came [p-B]
adjireje (a tti se de) -- he began to say [sb-L]
adjiwíje -- they two had come [lt-U]
âdjkânâkanâga (a ttK n K n K) -- he took out more of it and [l-L]
âdjkânâkce (a ttK nK deAe) -- he took out [l-L]
áedja -- at that (very) place [lt-TB]
áedja -- right there [lt-U]
áedja -- there [lt-I, lt-TB, lt-M]
áedja -- to it [lt-R, lt-TB]
áedjá -- in that very place [lt-M]
agák’inâk -- across from [jb-F]
agák’inok -- across [jb-F]
ágakaraginâkiji (a K K s Ki nK Ki di) -- he was sitting opposite her [r-T]
agakikinâk -- on each side [m]
agakikinâk (a K Ki Ki nK) -- opposite one another [r-BB]
ágakinágenâkiji -- he was opposite him [h-R2]
agákinâk (a K Ki nK) -- opposite, across [sb-L, h-R1, h-R2, l-TV, r-BB, m]
ágakinañk -- opposite [jb-R]
ágakinógenokiji -- he was opposite him [h-R1]
agákinok -- opposite side [h-G]
aganíxdjî -- never under any circumstances [jb-D]
agé -- to mean, signify [mn]
agedjá -- across [mn]
agédja -- (on the) other side [jw-B, h-H, m-MS, m]
agédja -- across, opposite [jh-M, r-CM]
agédja -- opposite side [jb-MR]
ágedja -- across [lt-R]
agedja (a Ke tt) -- across [bp-P, sb-TB, r-Y]
agedja (a Ke tt) -- on the other side [l-M]
agédja nô´ka -- the ones opposite (opponents) [rt-T]
agedjánôk’a -- those who were opposite [jb-F]
agedjarehi (a Ke tt se Ai) -- to blow on the other side [l-M]
agedjarehigiji (a Ke tt se Ai Ki di) -- if it would blow towards the other side [l-M]
agerégi -- across there [jb-F]
agerégi -- on the opposite side [jb-H]
agerégi -- opposite me [r-CM]
aghébirerèdja -- within sight [jh]
agho -- back of the head [m]
aghó -- back of the head [mn]
aghocúrujedjàcanâ -- the hollow in the back of the neck (between vertebrae) [jb-MR]
aghoidja -- back of the head [m]
aghókâxdji-èdja -- right under the arm [m]
aghoke -- arm pit [m]
aghóku -- underarm [mn]
aghokura -- arm pit [m]
aghúkâxdjiédja -- right under the (left) arm [jw-B]
aghuke -- arm pit [m]
aghukôxdjîédja -- under the arm pit [jb-R]
aghúku -- underarm [mn]
ági -- to be ready [h-T, mn]
agighébireje -- they came out [h-O]
agík’ânañkcé -- ready he placed them [rs-S]
agiwaragikerena -- you have prepared [b-LK]
agixdjî -- handy, in readiness [m]
agíxdjî -- in readiness [jb-F]
agíxtcî -- ready [lt-M]
âgo -- back of head [m]
agre -- across [m]
agú-iregi -- when they came to him [jb-F]
agwakonôgirenâ -- to sit opposite [m]
ahí -- there [h-R2]
ahí -- until that time [w-TI]
ahíminukádjâ -- there he sat down [h-R1]
ahinâ´ire -- they went? at night [lt-C]
ahohireje (a Ao Ai se de) -- he said in the distance [r-WH]
ahohireje (a Ao Ai se de) -- they said [r-WH]
áhoku ocoródjera -- arm pit [f]
a-homacdja -- arm strength [b-LK]
Ahotcogahominakra (A-ho-cho-ga-ho-mi-nak-ra) -- Valley Junction, Blue Wings Home [j]
ahú -- wing ("arm-leg") [lp, mn]
ahu (a Ao) -- arms (of Thunderbirds) [sb-L, l-M]
ahu (a Ao) -- wing (hu, leg) [bp-TA]
áhu wáhis’ ojujúgera -- wing=feathers=fine [g-H]
ahúakíwake -- on each side of the wing [jmc-B]
Ahu-awîga -- Raises Her Wing [r-WT]
Ahugiciniwîga -- Shining Wings [r-WT]
Ahugidjinewîga -- Young Bird that Sheds Its First Feathers as It Flaps Its Wings [r-WT]
Ahugip’arawîga -- Spreads Her Wings (said of a young bird just learning to fly) [r-WT]
ahuhinîje (a Ao Ai ni de) -- he did not answer back [r-BB]
ahu-îbódairegìji -- they struck him with (their) wings [h-O]
Ahu-ijipga -- Short Winged [r-WT]
ahuirasa -- birds [b-G]
ahúirasaíjâ -- one with wings [jb-MH2a]
ahuirasara -- the fowl [b-G]
ahuírasára -- the winged ones [jb-MH2a]
Ahu-iseretcga -- Long Wings [r-WT]
ahúje -- saying (this), he came [h-B]
áhujé -- he came saying [jb-B]
ahúje (a Ao de) -- it said [r-BB]
Ahumanip’aga -- He who Hits the Ground with His Wings (refers to a cloud) [r-WT]
Ahup’ahiga -- Sharp Wing (said of a thundercloud) [r-WT]
áhup’ahíjâ -- sharp wings [jb-C]
Ahuperewîga -- Transparently Clear Wings [r-WT]
ahúra -- wings [ge, h-O, rt-T, sb-N]
ahura (a Ao s) -- the wings [jmc-B, bp-TA, l-TT]
Ahuru-âga -- He who Raises His Wings (the edges of a cloud) [r-WT]
Ahusak’a -- Strikes His Wings [r-WT]
Ahúseretcka -- Long Wings (as a far extended cloud, clouds being the plumage of the Thunderbirds) [d-WG, sb-N, r-WT, r-P]
ahusgatcûje -- he had [white] wings [hz-L]
Ahusgawîga -- White Wing [r-WT]
Ahusururewîga -- Slow Wing [r-WT]
ahútcera -- upper arm (root of the arm) [f]
ahútckera -- arm bands (above the elbow) [f]
Ahutco -- Blue Wing [r-WT]
Ahútcoatci -- Blue Wing area of Tomah, Wisconsin [mn]
Ahútcogá Homînâ´gra -- Blue Wing Settlement of Tomah, Wisconsin [mn]
Ahutcowîga -- Green (Blue) Wing [r-WT]
ai cáwagra -- elbow [g-H]
aícak -- elbow [mn]
aicawagedja (ayi dA w Ke tt) -- at his elbows [r-T]
aicawagera -- elbow (cf. a, arm; icawak, elbow) [m]
aícawak -- (one) elbow [g-C]
aícawak hipuáta nâ´ -- I pushed him with the elbow [g-C]
aicowâk (eye-show-uck) -- elbow [tu]
aicurudi -- you (sg.) lead by the hand [m]
aídja -- by the arm [jb-D]
aidja (ay tt) -- by the arm [sb-TD]
aidja (ay tt) -- in the arm [r-BB]
aidjanináxdjakcè -- he bit you in the arm [h-T]
aidjaxjerexdjî -- well cooked (just right) [cf. a, djere] [m]
aidudi -- I lead by the hand [m]
aigi -- then [jb-F]
aígi -- across [jb-F]
aigidjagi -- to get ahold of; doubts (cf. a, arm; gi, to be, do; dja) [m]
aiïsawára -- lower arm (end of the arm) [f]
áiîtekcâ´nâ -- aches (my arm aches) [f]
a-ikidjâ -- arm-reach [g-C]
aíkidjâ dji djeá -- within arm-reach he came [g-C]
aikidjâgi (ayi Ki tt Ki) -- as he reached [bp-TA]
aípa -- bracelet [mn]
aipino -- I liked him [h-R1]
aipipanik (iipeepaunik) -- wrist band [k]
aipipara (iipeeparar) -- wrist band [k]
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