The Markings on the Moon (Version 2)
narrated by Reuben David St. Cyr
Interlinear Hotcâk-English Text
by Albert Samuel Gatschet
Reproduced with the kind permission of the
National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Note: Gatschet's [l] has been changed to the standard [r], the superscript [n] has been indicated by a circumflex over the vowel. The transliteration follows the system used by Paul Radin. Question marks in parentheses, sic (?), are those of Gatschet, all others mark uncertain readings.
| Jégi | tciporukéja | nâ´kckone | égi | wâ´kya (-ya a) | hitcáwina | hakaraíkitci | nákckuni. |
| Once upon a time | round tent, lodge grass tent | there (it) was | and | a man | (and) his wife | living with | there they were. |
| Nû´piwi | hínuk hírickuni, | égi | hâ´pka | wâ´k | tcéga | wajónina | û´dje | sájkuni. |
| Two | (were) daughters theirs | and | daily | man | that | hunted | he did | all the time, then. |
| Hagóreja | hínuknik | nâ´ka | xetérickuni, | éki | hâ´pka | hâtáginatc | nâ´kthackúnije. |
| After this, hereupon | girls | these | became older | then | daily | they fasting | they were in the habit of. |
| Hakóreca | xúnuna | weckúnije | Wáxoxge | -Hicóga | hihántace | éckuni. | Xetéra | hícke |
| At once | younger (smaller) | said so: | "Shell | Spit(ter) | I dreamt of him," | she said. | The other one | she too |
| hihántace | éckuni; | égi | hakô´reca | wakúdje | ûéckune | kíkû | hihánegha | níke |
| dreamt of him | she said, | and | at once | moccasins | to be supplied (?) | they made for themselves; | after this | somewhere |
| hówa | harahidéckune or: haraíreckune. | Égi | akóreja | wâ´hirégadjâ | nixétedja |
| they travelled, | I have and/or they are gone (they might have gone) | and | hereupon | while they went there | a big body of water |
| há-udji | tcinak, | hidéckuni; | égi | minak | hidánagha | wóru | -xuts | nánk | ckúni; |
| they came on to | the village, | he (male) said | and | they sat down | after that, | looked | around | and sitting | there (watching) |
| dé-e | dé nâdjedja | hijâ´ | hówe | wádjowe | ûdjeckúni. | Égi | Ciâ´gega | wa-ûdjeckuni. |
| this | in midst of lake | some- body |
going around | in a boat (dugout) | there he was (Ciâg.) | And | Ciâ´gega | it was him! |
| "Hîgiwankdjéda," | áwicguni, | égi | giwaínicguni | gíwa | hidánûge | hínke | wánaxkû |
| "Let us halloo at him," | they said, | and | they hallooed at him | they hallooed | [untrs.] | not | he did hear them, |
| kíkûni | ckuni | -je. | Hagóreja | hiskéxtci | hinke | wanaxkû´nigi | waíreckúni; |
| he made out, simulated | he did not | hear this. | Hereupon | surely | not | he did not hear them | they said; |
| Waxóxkehícoga | tcâ´ | hingektcéna. | Jíge | gíwa | hidéckuni: | "Waxóxke | hícora, | hîkanek |
| Spit-Shell | instead (of C.) | let us call by names | Again | call him | they did | Spit | -Shell, | to cross us |
| wákuruwáwax | háregha | wá-ijuckuni. | Égi | tcíckun | hidjómínank | hidéckuni, | hungú |
| broken from his ear | after he had | took them in his mouth. | And | he came | they got into (the dugout) | [they did], | pretty soon |
| hidárextcí kádjâ´ | cóckû´ni, | cógadjâ | waxóxke | híco ckúni, | hinúknanka |
| afterwards | he spit, | when he spit | shells | he spit with, | the girls |
| wákiko-ik hidéckuni. | Égi | uníneki | híkoro-ke-nik-ra | hotcédja | watcókeregíckuni. |
| tried to seize them away from (the other girl). | And | they landed | his grandmother | her house | to take them there. |
| Mínank nánkckúni | hoxtcanâgadjâ´. | hijá | nâ´nk-hadjíckune | ho-ithiánaga |
| They sat down (girls, subj.) | in the evening | somebody | running-came | he looked, peeped into |
| wéckûnijé | Ciâgénigra | Waxóxgecoga | co-iko: | ikorohóge | warawéktce | ánankcána. |
| he came and said | Ciâgénigra | Spit-Shell | spit | going to, gets ready to | you come to pound in a mortar | they are saying |
| Hinke | wágixap-níckuni | hungû´ | jike | djihánegha | jíge | eckúni; | hinké hínigi |
| [not] | answer, respond (not) | somebody, a messenger from the chief's tent | again | (he) came | again | and said: | when he did not come |
| wá-i-reckúni; | Waxóxkecora | racóktce | ánankcana | tcâ´ | hikáwide; | égi | jigé | djíckúni |
| they said; | Spit-Shell | you to spit they want | they say | instead (of pounding) | they are saying; | and | again | he (messenger) came |
| djiánegha | Waxóxkecora | racóktce | ánankcana | éckuni | ho! | eckuni, | réckuni; |
| he came | Spit-Shell | they want you to spit | they are | saying | all right, | he says, | he went, made a move to go |
| hígadsâ | tcíra | hó-ixtciankckúnije. | Égi | hirégiji | hínunknankre | nûxana | hídjowaréckuni. |
| when he went | to the lodge | (it was) full (of people) there, they say. | And | when he went | the girls | snuck | and went there. |
| Nâ´xawa | háhi | hó-ithî | hidéckuni, | dé-e | hikána | hírera | wawéra | û´xtcî | nâ´kskune. |
| They peeped in | go and | peeping surrepti- tiously |
(did so) | [this] | their | husbands (of the girls) | pounding | away | sitting. |
| Tcí | hokiságitca | wánk | skaxtcínja | minâknakckúne, | Wexoxkécuga | wá-û | nákûne |
| Of the lodge | in the center | man | white altogether (awful) | sitting down, seated | Spit-Shell | "it must be he," (Shell-Spitter) | sitting |
| aireckúne; | hirarextcîkadjâ´ | cockúne, | jékû | waxóxkada | rókana | hícockúne, | waxóxke |
| they said | pretty soon after (they saw him) | he spit, | and | shells | many, lots of | he spit with, | for the shells |
| háki | -kó-ikra | û´xtsîhidéckune | híkana hírera | û´xtsî núnige | híja | -kídanik | hó-eckúni. |
| they (everybody in the tent) | grabbed | all were in a hurry | their husband (one for both) | he was in a hurry | one (shell) | only (from the whole lot) | he obtained. |
| Égi | hinû´-knâka | hákarareckúni. | Nâ´ | rírikra | nûpíwi | hániâ kihidâ´ga |
| Then | (both) girls | returned to (the tent) whence they came from | (Pieces of) wood | decomposed, rotten | two there were | they took back with them (to the tent) |
| hómikaki | áke | wátump hídeckuni; | jékû | hiránegha | háktca | hákarairéckuni. |
| of the bed | on both sides | they put them; | when, after (?) | they did so | back, returning | they went (dual). |
| Hakóreja | Waxoxkécoga | córa, | rújtâgi | wâ´kcigeda | hakararéckuni. | Égi |
| Sometimes | Spit-Shell | spit, | after finishing | the people | went home (pl.), back. | And |
| hinûknánka | hókawa-hidánegha, | Waxóxkéjuga | nîgé | míganke-édja | hahí |
| the girls (dual) | entered (the tent, lodge) | Spit-Shell | where | he was lying | they went |
| mík'hidéckuni. | Ciâ´gega | gigíji | hókisakgeja | mínk-ckúni, | nâ | rírik | nâ´ka |
| and lay down. | Ciâ´gega | when got back (to the tent) | in the middle | lay down | the logs | rotten | these (two) |
| rakákanacke | hótci-wáki--û-hidégi | nágakanacke | haráxtcak-hidégi | wókitekckúni |
| ants | was full of | ants | bit him | he became infuriated |
| rúwicnâkje | ánega | híjâ | aícawak | hipotáckúni. | Hungújike |
| pinching him, | he said | one (of the logs) | (one) elbow | pushed. | Again |
| haráxtcak-hidéckuni, | kátcanga | wa-ína | nike | hót'ûránega | hatájâ | híckune |
| they bit him, | now then | the blanket | somewhere | he threw away | light, fire | he made |
| t'é-e | nâ´xa t'ek | wá-û nâ´kckuni | wókitekckuni | kíkawa-wânega |
| [these] | two rotten logs | they were lying | he became furious | he arose, got up |
| jétcanga | ráganâ´ga | máhi | pákû´ | djireckúni. | Jétcâga | hâ´pgugi | máhina |
| at the time | he cried, wept | knife | to sharpen (kû = his) | he commenced, made a start. | at that time (when he had sharpened), | At dawn | his knife |
| níkaratckereanega | hû´k'hotcira | hówa | wátcawa reckúni. | Háhi | hókewekádja | t'é-e | =
| he carried it in his belt ("belt" not expressed) | to chief's lodge | he went | for revenging himself. | When he went | into (the chief's lodge) | there were |
| hitcáwiwa-hira | Waxoxkecóga | hókisak | hótump-nâ´kckune. | Hitánîke | tcácera |
| his two wives (of C.) | (who had) Spit-Shell | in the middle | they had between. | And all three of them | necks |
| wámâcic ckúni, | wánitckának | nâga | nû´xâwackúni | hâ´ptcingi | húngra | wéckuni |
| he cut open, | forced, put them, took in his belt | and | he hid himself | at daylight | the chief | said (long ago) |
| "Híki | nâ´iwináne," | hínke | híxka | hiraníckune, | wáruxinkíktcege |
| "Try | to wake yourself up (all three of them) | not | move | they did | for waking them up (all three) |
| hitcégadjâ | dé-e | wa-íra | hónîdjâ´-nâkckune. | Hórak gíregi | wónina |
| when he went, stood | there | (they were in a pool of) blood | they lay in it (sp. his two wives) | When it was told | hunted they (I not included) |
| hanâ´tc | hîbireckúni | hakoréjan | û´nakû | hi-ereckuni, | jégû |
| all (the people and the chief) | everyone went, took a hand in, the hunting | sometimes | when hunting in this effort | they found him (the murderer), | and |
| rúkâkâc híranû | negé | wánk rá | hówakeréckuni, | égi | waíréckuni. |
| grabs without effect | while they | skyward, above | he ascended, went, | and | they said (all), |
| Kétcangéka | "Hágiuguwíre." | Djigiji | nâ´wâ´ | dohireckúni | hóke xárare-éckuni, |
| Mr. Turtle | "Go fetch him." | When he came | to sing | he began | (archaic) |
| Ciâ´gega | wâgédja, | hági | zázek | nihéra | háruxa | tcâ´tê | háreckuni, | "Rácipbi |
| Ciâ´gega | up above, | after (this flight?) | (on account of distance) very small | once (then) | he began | to appear | more | "Get him down (miraculously) |
| ktcinéna," | ánankckúni. | Harúxa | ácke | kirickuni, | gádjanga | tcírahe | xtciédja |
| he will," | so they said | He began | nearer | to come, | when | passed above the lodge | ---- there |
| kírigi | gútc | ná-i | hiranû´nige, | Kétcangega | roxickuni; | jétcanga | aíkidjâ dji djeá |
| he came, arrived | shoot | all | tried (to shoot) him | Mr. Turtle | he forbid them | pretty soon | within arm-reach he came |
| nâgá | Kétcangega | sí kâdja | há rukas híkcege | rúkâgâckádjâ | híctcara | hóresíri |
| arrows and | K. | by the ankle (from the ankle up to calf) | tried to get hold | he tried to seize in vain | in his face | defecated |
| jékû | hiánegha | wángra | howakereckúni. | Égi | hikórokenigra | wákece | aírena, |
| after (doing it) | doing it | above, skyward | he returned (in moon afterwards). | And | to his grandmother | he said, | they say, |
| hâ´hewi-nâ´kre | édja, | "Hówakere | ktcîneje," | eckúni, | éki | jékû | kútc |
| moon (wingre, "this" of sun and moon) | at (where the moon is) -- | "He was giving | back," | he said, | and | after | shoot |
| hiránunge, | iîxtcî´ | hiranûnige, | jékû | wâgétca | hágixawaníckuni. | Éske |
| they did it in vain | they tried | to hit him in vain | then | above | he disappeared. | That is |
| hâhewédja | wánkcik | hádjadjáne | Ciâ´ngega | wá-ûdjeje | aírena. | Jédjana. |
| why in the moon | person | we are seeing now | Ciâ´ngega | it is he | they say. | The end of it. |
Gatschet's Notes:
hitcáwi, wife
hínuk, woman
hínukra rókana, many women
hínuk watcik, young woman not married, and spinsters
hakaraíkitci -- hijâ´hakítci hadjéna, I live with somebody
hámbukai (ókahi), every day
hámbije, day
hâ´p, háp, day
hám té-e, today
hâ´he, night
hâ´he ókahi, every night
wajâ wániâdséna, I am hunting
wajóni, hunter
wajóni xéte ha-û´wina, we had a big hunt
hínuk niki, one girl,
niki, pl. nigra, young
hinuknikida róha, many girls
jéske hihéna, I say so
hihéna, I said
Hicóga -- hacónakcena, I am spitting
hâ´te mákcana, I am dreaming
hâ´te, dream
hâtéga, dreamer (not used)
xéte, big, is better than
xáte, xáde, as in cúnk xate, horse
há-udji -- háwudji, to run onto quick without knowing.
dahá-û, I travel that way.
há-un hahígadjâ´, while I traveled thus.
wóru-xuts nánk -- wótuxuxuts nánkcena, I am looking around sitting.
dé nâdjedja -- dé, lake; nâ´djedja, in middle of.
hijâ´ -- hijâ´náxkûna, I hear somebody.
hî´ke (not) náxkûne (hear) hakikóne, I simulate --- not hear him.
Hîgiwankdjéda -- wâ´, to haloo, hawâ´djéna, I halloo.
tcinak -- village; city. of tci, house,
tcinak xatéja, large city.
hingektcéna -- Johnga hinigéna; my name is John, I call you John.
wajánizá nâ´tca warégi túwax, I break from my ear;
túwax, I break a string.
wakúru, oneself?
wá-ijuckuni -- wayáju, I take into my mouth.
híco ckúni, -- hacó, I spit, I spit on, yáco, I spit with something.
wákiko-ik -- I try to take, hi-ûdjá, I try.
uníneki -- uane nakcana, I am landing.
híkoro -- tcoká, grandfather; hitcúcke, grandson, nephew.
wá tciédja, my house, where I live!
hóra tciédja, your house, tcí, tcíra, house.
néxtci watciédja, my own home, whether I live there or not.
hotciédja, his, her house.
watciwédja, our house.
horatciwédja, your house.
hotcirédja, their house.
tcwánina, my houses.
tciwacínina, your houses.
tciwánina, his houses.
tcihiwaníwina, our houses.
tciwcíniwina, your houses.
tciwanínera, their houses.
nâ´ wánina, my tree.
nâ hacínina, your tree.
nâ hánina, his, her tree.
watcókelegíckuni -- watcwákere, "I go first and others follow."
hoxtcanâgadjâ -- hoxtcána, evening.
hoxtánanig widíde (< wira wiríre), sunset.
widáxep (< wira háxep), sunrise.
wí, wída, wíra, sun.
hâ´he wída (wira), moon (hánhe, night).
nâ´nk-hadjíckune -- hának'hadji, I come running.
hának háhank wína, we are running (dual & plural).
ho-ithiánaga -- waíthi hadjéna, I am peeping.
wéckûnijé -- hadjiánegha hadjéna, I came and said.
-je, they said, ferunt.
Ciâgénigra Waxóxgecoga co-iko: ikorohóge warawéktce -- "C. come over and pound the mortar, because Spits Shells is going to spit."
Ciâ´genigra -- -nigra, is young, baby, said of baby birds. of -niki, -nik, young, plural. (36) Now called the "Son of God." After going away he promised the people to return and be henceforth man in the moon. (73)
wáwe nakcána, I pound a mortar sitting.
warawéktche, you come to grind with that thing (mortar) only
ánankcána. -- hihanákcana, I am saying.
húnk, chief.
húnkra róra, chiefs-many.
húnk tcóne, head chief.
wánkcik húnk, Indian chief.
racóktce -- nacóktce ke wáhadjéra, I want you to spit, in a standing position.
hatex hadjéna, I piss standing.
co-ikoróhoge, going to spit (getting ready to spit)
hó-ixtciankckúnije -- nápana hoíxtcina, the basket is full.
nûxana -- núxâ, I am sneaking.
hánuxâ, to keep secret.
ráre, you go.
réra, he goes.
tektcináwina, we go.
cerektcinéna, ye go.
haraíriktcinéna, they are going.
hó-ithî -- wá-ithî hadjéna, I peep in standing.
hikána hírera -- hikána, her husband; hírera, of two wives.
hídjowaréckuni -- hidjáwatena, I go there.
hokiságitca -- in the middle, center of
cunk-xátotci hokísagitca, in the center of the barn ("horse ouse")
ská, white
cútcínja, redder than others compared
póro poro xtcin(ja), rounder than other balls
wá-û -- (the person talked about)
éckune, one girl said
hirarextcîkadjâ´ -- hirare, is part of, pretty soon; not used by itself .
rókana -- has to be there to make wax. -- plural!
hícockúne -- hi-, instrumental prefix
kó-ikra -- hakiko-ik, to grab (used in plural of subj. only)
--wina, I am grabbing
û´xtsîhidéckune -- yakûe, I am in a hurry
hikúhe wá wâdjína, I am in a hurry
-xtsî- is a particle not used by itself
hidéckune. he ran hard, but was beaten; unavailingly (?)
| widjúk | yâ´cána | hadjána |
| cat | only | I saw |
hó-eckúni -- wa-éna, I obtain; hijâ, one; hijâ kída, only one. (cf. jekírê)
hákarareckúni -- hakarahéna, I return where I came from
decomposed, rotten -- the wood is rotting; they cannot say that
hinúmike, both
nûpiwi, two were
nûp, two
hániâ kihidâ´ga -- haniâ´kere, I take back with me
hómikaki -- couch, place of bed for lying down
wátump -- hátump, I put to a place
hákere, I go back
ductcâ, I finish, come to an end
hagígiji, when I get back
hagígi, I get back
haráxtcak -- hijâ hatáxtcak, I bite somebody
wókitekckúni -- wóyitek, I get mad
rúwicnâkje -- C. when feeling the ants he thought the two girls were pinching him.
túwicana, I pinch him
aícawak hipotáckúni -- aícawak hipuáta nâ´, I pushed him with the elbow
nâ´ (past) is also striking
wastunt'e, I am throwing (blanket, not string)
ínije ha-unehádjena, I throw a stone standing
hátaja hadjéna, I make a light
nánxa, log
t'ék, rotten
t'é, dead; níup, alivewakâ´ t'eja, a dead snake
wakâ´ t'era róha, many dead snakes(t'era cannot stand alone)
róha, manywa t'éhi korohóge, he gets ready to kill
wa t'ehi ga korohóge, I get ready to kill
wai psintc ya korohóge, I get ready to thrash
yakoróge, I get ready
kíkawa-wânega -- hakíkawa-û, I rise, get up
pákû´ -- pá-û nákcena, I sharpen (a knife, máhi)
hawâ´djide, I commence
túctcanâ, I finish
hûgô´ hawâ´djena, I continue doing (being around, -dj-)
haíne, morning
hoxtcána, evening
wída háxep nâ´kcana, the sun is rising (sitting)
wída hira nâ´kcana, the sun is setting
hámbra huhéna, daylight is breaking (huhéna, coming)
níkaratckereanega -- niántckere, I carry in my belt
wákewe, to get in
ho-, where the chief (hunk) lives
watcáwe, I go for revenge
wirokó-iskina, thanks I give you
wáwa, I go
hówa, he went
tcíja wakéwina, I went into the lodge
hókisak -- hokísagedja haminkcána, they lie between two (objects)
táni, three
hitánike, all three
pónank, whole
wámâcic ckúni -- wámance, I cut off
wánitckának -- niâ´tckanak, I put in my belt
prefix wa-: many things
nû´xâwackúni -- nuâ´xawa, I hide myself
yákî mákcena, I get awake
yaxkâxkâ nákcana, I move about
túxink, I wake (one) up
wáruxink, I wake (more than one) up
wáruxinkíktcege -- he was going to, but did not do it, because they were dead
hitcégadjâ -- gadjâ, then when
wa-íra honidjâ = mákcanâ, I lay; the in blood (one), nâ´kck- refers to 2, 3, or many
hijê´ wániâ icéna, I hunt somebody, pl. obj.
híjke wániâ icéna, pl subj & obj
híjke wániâ djówina, we hunt them
hîbireckúni -- hórok himpan, I help, take a hand in
yá-ena, I found it
yá-a, I find
(some archaic words in it)
rúkâkâc híranû -- for all their grabbing
hówakeréckuni -- wawákere, I ascend, go up
kétcank, turtle
-ga, -ka appended to proper names: Dorseyga
Hágiuguwíre -- hakuténa, I go and fetch
nâ´wâ´ -- nâ´wâ nákcera, 1 sing. / pl. -nâ´k-
zázek -- zázek nik tcait'ína, I appear very small
háruxa -- when not an act, but an appearance is concerned: to begin
hári, far
huskádja hári, far out in the prairie
rácipbi -- hakitácip, I get myself down
ácke -- ácke hadjína, I come nearer
kírigi -- kígi, when he went home, to his place
gútc -- hagútc, I shoot; pl obj wágutc
a-, arm
a-ikidjâ, arm-reach
sí kâdja -- sí kocógera, ankle
hóresíri -- reásiri, I shit [sic], ho-, into his face
yáke, I said
híhe, I say
(where the moon is) -- because the sun and moon stand still
hágixawaníckuni -- híxawane, I disappear
hádjadjáne -- hadjánegre, I see now
Albert Samuel Gatschet, Linguistic and Ethnological Material on the Winnebago, Manuscript 1989-a (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives, 1889, 1890-1891) 16-24. Informant: Reuben David St. Cyr.