Hocąk Text — Journey to Spiritland, Version 4

narrated by Jasper Blowsnake


Winnebago II, #6: 169-176 Winnebago III, #6: 362-372

The following are Greek letters used as morpheme abbreviations in Radin's original text. The Culture of the Winnebago: As Described by Themselves can be used as a kind of Rosetta Stone for interpreting their values:

α β ε η θ ρ τ ϕ T
égi éja gáją žésge jánąga ánąga gíži hąké -kjanéną wąkšigo'į

In the interlinear text where the translation is missing, it has been supplied whenever possible from the English text of The Road of Life and Death(see Source below) and from The Culture of the Winnebago: As Described by Themselves. Where a missing translation has been supplied from other sources, it is enclosed in brackets, [ ].

In The Culture of the Winnebago: As Described by Themselves, Radin has used a dot (.) after the unvoiced terminal consonant of a stem to indicate its transformation into its voiced counterpart. Here that transformation has been directly expressed. I have not done this for such consonants preceeding a hyphen.


Key —
First Row "raw" text from Paul Radin, Notebook Winnebago II, #6: 169-176.
Second Row revised text based on the revised MS text of Winnebago III, #6: 362.91-372.140, and the published revised text of The Culture of the Winnebago: As Described by Themselves (CW)
Third Row English translation based on the interlinear text of Winnebago II, #6: 169-176, and the published translations of The Road of Life and Death (RLD) and The Culture of the Winnebago: As Described by Themselves (CW)

English Translation


 

Winnebago II, #6: 169 = Winnebago III, #6: 362 = CW 66 —
Tee nągúra honįgidaikdjenáre djagúonįgidaíkdjenáre†
Tee nągúra* hónįgitaikjanáre, jasgú honįgitáikjanàre
This road I will tell you about, what I will tell you
*Winnebago III, #6: 362 omits -ra.
†the syllable /gi/ is inserted above he line with a caret.

 


 

Winnebago II, #6: 170 = Winnebago III, #6: 363
djasgéra cerekdjéra onįgídaik wahekdjene.
jasgéra šerekjéra, že hónįgitaìk wahékjane.
how you will go, that this is what I am going to speak about.

 


 

Tegi tcekdjį́na cére[τ´] c'uąrahi[ε´] [β]
Tégi cekjį́na šéregíži š'uą́rahigàją,* éja
Now the very first thing [as you go] you will encounter, [there]
*CW 66.2 concludes a sentence here.

 


 

mą́na kónugeradjikdjanéna [τ´] [ϕ] hikoágįx
mą́na kónugerajikjanéną,* giži. Hąké hikoágįx
the land there will be a ravine† [.] Not to go around
*CW 66.3 has "kónuk.radjikérekdjanèną[kónąk-?]".
†in the original MS, "(precipice)" is lined out and "ravine" written above it.

 


 

p'į́ni wa'wą́gikdjenéna hojedją hakiwaké mojedjąna
p'į́ni wa'uą́gikjanéną. Hožéją hakíwake možeją́na,
not good that way it will be. End at each of the earth,

 


 

ninot'ąp [η] wa'uągi[∂] akiwaké
ninot'ąp,* žesge wa'uą́gikjanéną. Akíwake
all the way to the water, that kind it will be. From one end to the other,
*CW 66.5 has nira-hot'ąp.

 


 

raicdja[ε] [ϕ] hiroágįx p'įni[∂] [τ´]
raišjagáją, hąké hikoágįx p'įnikjanéną, giži.
you will look about, but [not] to circumvent [it would not be good] [.]

 


 

tcokagá hįnági[∂] jegnądékdjanéje éjare hiraré
Cokagá "Hįrágikjanéną, žeguątékjanéže?" éžare, hiraré,
Grandfather "You will ask, What way I'll go?" he said, you thought

 


 

[τ´] hiwaponuskere* jegų raicére[∂] [ε]
giži. Híwapunùskere. Žegų raišérekjanéną. Gáją,
[.] Plunge right through. Thus, you'll go through. [Then]
*/onpere/ is crossed out and /uskere/ written above it.

 


 

pįxdjį raicére[∂] mąkąninágura siókerérera warujáxdjį
pįxjį raišérekjanéną. Mąkąninágura siókerérera waružáxjį
very well you'll go through. The Medicine Road the footprints plainly

 


 

jésgadje[τ´] ióraídje[∂] [τ´] pįxdjį cére[∂]
žésgajegíži, hióraíjekjanéną,* gíži.* Pįxjį šérekjanéną.
the way it will be, and you'll step in [.] [Very well] [you will go.]
*CW 67.10 has horáidje-gìji. Winnebago III, #6: 363.94 has i-oraídjekdjonèną giji.

 


 

c'uąnahi[ε] [β] djanų́ga nąksígera pahiákijí
Š'ų́ąnahigàją, éja jánąga nąksígera pahíakiží
You will come, [there] quite a number sticks, brushwood sharp-criss-crossing-tangled

 


 

Winnebago III, #6: 364
[θ] x'awį́na pahiákijí jenųga [ϕ]
jánąga xawį́na pahíakiží, ženųga. Hąké
quite a number weeds sharp-criss-crossing-tangled, [that's all.] Not

 


 

hirép'ini hikirúni [ϕ] wapónapíni jésgahi[∂]
hirepįni hikirúni hąké wapónapíni žésgahikjanéną,
impossible to get through tangles not it is not penetrable stop there,

 


 

núnige jegų́ raicéreną nac'į[∂] hojédją
nunigé žegų raišéreną, náš'įkjanéną.* Hožéją
but nevertheless you go through, you will try. End
*CW 67.13 has rác'įkdjanèną.

 


 

akíwaké waraic'djáicge hąkirowágįxp'ínni [β]* wa'wą́gi[∂]
akíwake wáraiš'jaíšge, hąkirowágįx pį́ni éja† wa'uą́gikjanéną.
[from one end to the other] you'll look at, you can't get around [there] [that way it will be.]
*ηis crossed out and βwritten above it.
†omitted at CW 67.14.

 


 

tcokagá hiwapúnuskére* haidánąjé hįgéjaré jegų
Cókaga, "Hiwapúnuskere," haitánąže, hįgéžare. Žégų,
Grandfather, ["Plunge right through,"] I would go through, he said to me. Thus,
*the original MS text has (ya)púnuskére, with /hiwa/ written above "(ya)" in small letters.

 


 

raicére[ε´] [ϕ] nįge* wajǫ́niuni[∂] [τ´]
raišéregają. Hąké nįge wažǫ́ni'ųnįkjanéną,† gíži.
you should go. Not anywhere nothing will happen to you [.]
*at CW 67.17, nįgeis omitted, whereas Winnebago III, #6: 364.97 retains nįge..
†Winnebago III, #6: 364.97 has wająni 'ųnįkdjonèną. CW 67.17 has wają́-honi'únįkdjanèną.

 


 

Winnebago II, #6: 171
jéji higų́ djadją́nagi wanįk cícigenįgra
Žéži* higų jają́nagi† wanįk šišígenįgra‡
But then at all times birds bad little ones
*CW 67.18 inserts before this word jegų́, which does not appear in the original text of Winnebago II, #6: 171, nor the corrected text of Winnebago III, #6: 364.98.
†CW 67.18 has djadją́ragi.
‡CW 67.18 has cicík.nįk.ra.

 


 

nųx'opógh'akí* ghiági[∂] núnigé hįge wanąnaxgúni[∂]
nų́ǧopox'áki* ǧiágikjanéną, nunige hįge, "Wánąnaxgų́nįkjanéną."
in both ears noise they will make, however he said, "You should simply listen."
*after this word in the original MS, wanįk cicigenį́gerais lined out.

 


 

c'uą́nahí[ε] tcaxkírikírik cícigera nį́gianísdakdjenáį[∂] [τ´]
Š'uą́nahígàją. Cáxkirikìrik šíšigera nįgianístakjenaįkjanéną, giži.
Then go on. Bile, phlegm foul it will try to stick to you [.]

 


 

[ϕ] gisį́djerehínią́dje [ϕ] hidjóruxúdjenią́dje†
Hąké gisį́jerehinią́je.* Hąké hijóruxújenią́je.‡
Not don't try to brush it off. Not do not pay any attention to it.
*CW 67.22 has gisį́tc.re-hinią̀dje.
†originally written as hidjóruhídjenią́dje, the syllable /hi/ was lined out with a diagonal line and /xú/ written above it.
‡CW 67.22 has hidjá-horuxutc.nią̀dje.

 


 

Winnebago III, #6: 365
hiwáuinaícge raisį́djererági.† [ϕ] jeérenína p'įnac'ųgíji
Hiwa'uįnaíšge* raisį́jererági. Hąké žeereníną. P'įnaš'ų́gíži,
You might forget yourself and you brush it off. Not that is not. If you do right,
*CW 67.23 has, "hiwa'uįnaícge[hiwa'ų-hiraicge]".
†a lattice-like symbol is placed after this word indicating a new paragraph.

 


 

[T] éje eréna [α] jige [β]
wąkšiko'į́ra,* e žeeréną. Égi žigé éja
life it that it was. [And] [again] [there]
*Winnebago III, #6, 365.100 has uánkcigo'ína; CW 67.24 has wąkcik-ho'į́ra.

 


 

pédjera mą́ná gitcgúx daeági[∂] [ϕ]
péjera mąna gicgúx taéagikjanéną.* Hąké
fire the land half it will be burning. Not
*CW 67.25 has daé agikdjanéną.

 


 

hirépini [η] wa'wą́gi[∂] [ϕ] hiroagix
hirepįni žésge wa'ųą́gikjanéną, hąké hiroágįx
you can't pass through [this way] [that way it will be,] not to circumvent

 


 

pįni [η] wa'wą́gi[∂] [τ´] hiyapúnusk'ere†
pį́ni žésge* wa'ųą́gikjanéną, gíži. Hiyapúnuskere
[not good] [this way] [that way it will be.] [.] [Plunge on through]
*CW 67.26 omits this second jesgein the sentence, although it is present in the revised text of Winnebago III, #6: 365.
†the text originally had hiyapanak'ere, but the second /a/ was lined out and /o/ written below it, then /ú/ written above it; the last /a/ has /us/ written above it. See Radin's note at CW 72 nt 4 where he indicates that Jasper Blowsnake seemed uncertain of this word. Radin's texts have "it will be scorching you," but this word elsewhere clearly means "plunge on through".

 

naicére[∂] djagu tcokagá jeguaįdékdjenéje éjare
raíšerekjanéną. Jagu cokága "Žegųaįtékjenéže,"* éžare,
you'll go through. [What] grandfather, "You'll pass through it," he said,
*CW 67.28 has jegų-hį́dekdjenèje.

 


 

hiraré [τ´] hiwapánakére raicére[∂] sánigrá
hiraré, gíži. Hiwapúnuskere raišérekjanéną. Sánigra
you thought [.] Plunge through it you will go on. On the other side

 


 

horawáraicére[ε´] [ϕ] nįgè wają́nių́ni[∂] p'įxdjį
horawáraišéregają hąké nįgé wažą́ni'ų́nįkjanéną.* P'įxjį
you went through not anything it will happen to you. Very safely
*CW 67.30 has "wająní-'unįkdjanèną[wają-hi'únįkdjaneną]".

 


 

sánigrá horawáraicére[∂] [τ´]. hą́kaga harorákikcínį[∂]*
sánigra horawáraišérekjanéną, gíži. Hą́kaga harorákikšínįkjanéną,
to the other side you will go through [.] Never do not be discouraged.
*this word is put in brackets preceded by a question mark. Radin explains in CW 72 nt 9 that the analysis of the word is problematic and that its translation is uncertain.

 


 

[τ´]. [T] jee érena.* [α]
gíži. Wąkšigo'į žée heréną. Égi
[.] Life this [it is]. Then
*this word is followed by two bars, ||.

 


 

c'uąnahí[ε] hidjobóhǫna nįjera hikitcgískère [ϕ]
š'uąnahígają. Hijobóhąra nįžera hikícgískere, hąké
go on. The fourth cliffs perpendicular, not

 


 

Winnebago III, #6: 366
hirépini jesgági[∂] [τ´] hojédją akíwaké
hirepį́ni žesgágikjanéną, gíži. Hožéją akíwake
you can't pass through [if you were to go that way] [.] End at each

 


 

[ϕ] hiroagįx pįni akíwaké dedjǫ́na
hąké hiroágįx pį́ni, akíwake teją́ra
not to circumvent [not good,] at each side the ocean

 


 

Winnebago II, #6: 172
hot'ąp´ [η] waúnągi[∂] tcokagá jeguaįdékdje
hot'ąp´ žesge wa'úną́gikjanéną. Cokagá, "Žegųaįtékje,"*
[jut into]* that way they will be. Grandfather, "You'll pass through it,"
*Radin has "step into", but Miner defines the word hot'ąp´as "to come into a place suddenly". Thus Dorsey has "leapt into".

 


 

éjare hiraré [τ´] hiyapúnuskére [hic'ųkdje]*
éžare, hiraré, gíži. Hiyapúnuskere hiš'ų́kje
he said, you thought [.] Plunge on through use it
*this makes no sense, although it is easy to confirm that hic'ųkdjemeans "you should/will use". It seems plausible that it was confused with the similar hic'ųcdja, "you try to do". Radin omits this in his translation at CW 70.39.

 


 

raicére[ε] [ϕ] nįge wajǫ́niúnik[∂] p'įxdjį
raišéregają. Hąké nįge wažǫ́ni'ųnįkjanéną. P'į́xjį
you will pass through it. Not anywhere nothing will happen to you. Quite safely

 


 

raicére[∂] [τ´] [T] p'įc'ų́[∂] dée*
raišérekjanéną, gíži. Wąkšigo'į p'įš'ų́kjanéną. Tée
you'll pass through [.] Life you will obtain life. This
*this word is followed by two bars, ||.

 


 

ruxúrugeną'įnąkcana [τ´] c'uąnahi[ε´] x'éją
ruxúrugeną'įnąkšaną, gíži. Š'uą́rahìgają, xéžą
it is what they are trying to accomplish [.] You will encounter, a hill

 


 

tcąt'į djįpdjanéna etcaráwe[∂] gíji xeáka
cą́t'į-jįpjanéną. e caráwekjanéną, gíži. Xeáka
to come into view it will be. It go towards [.] The hill

 


 

x'epaídja rahi[ε´] [β] dje[∂] waraítcera
xepaíja rahigáją. Éja jekjanéną, wáraicéra.
at the foot of the hill you will come. There it will be, what you're going to eat.

 


 

[β] waraitcanéna hųdjerúhidásabera warutc x'opini
Éja waraícanéną hų́jeruhitasábera, waruc xópini
There you're going to eat dried bear ribs, food spirit

 


 

hirakí'ų karapįésge hą́bera hojúddje[∂]
hirakí'ų karapiésge hą́bera hožújekjanéną.
it is mixed with [good looking] Light-and-Life it will be full.

 


 

waratccúruddjǫ́[τ´] xéroradí[∂] hóradí[τ´]
Waracšúrujągiži, xéroratíkjanéną, hóratígiži,
When you get through eating, you're going to climb the hill, when you get to the top,

 


 

hárakdjǫbi[∂] [α] tcowéra hocurughitc rerá[∂]
harakją́bikjanéną. Égi cowéra hošuruǧíc rerákjanéną,
you'll look back. [And] in front you'll look you're going to,

 


 

[α] tcowéra hocurughitc rerá[∂] [τ´]
égi cowéra hošuruǧíc rerákjanéną, giži.
and in front you'll look you're going to [.]

 


 

Winnebago III, #6: 367
tcowére [hoksiksági[∂]]* jee
Cowére hóksikságikjanéną. Žee
Ahead of you there will be a thicket of hazel ? brush. [These]
*this word is bracketed in the text. See the Commentary.

 


 

oniną́genagikdjéra waúną́gi[∂] hagédja hocurughidjera
honiną́geragikjéra wa'uną́gikjanéną. Hagéja, hošuruǧíjera,
they will take hold of you and lead you [they will do it]. Behind, if you look,

 


 

[ϕ] wają́cdjanína necana hagédja c'ųcáwąkcána
hąké wažą́ šjaníną, néšana hagéja š'ųšáwąkšáną.
not anything you didn't see, you only behind you were going.

 


 

[α] [β] jigé x'éją hacdjárerá[∂]
Égi éja žigé xéžą hašjarérakjanéną,
[Then] [there] [again] a hill you will see

 


 

[ε´] x'éaka tcárawacére[∂] hotcawánąka móp'įxdjį
gáją. Xeaka cárawašérekjanéną, Hocawánąka móp'įxjį
[.] the hill you'll go towards, The destination nice land

 


 

inécutcdjá* jesgá horawáceré[∂]† x'eáka huidjédjá‡
[inéšuja] žesgá horawášerekjanéną. Xeáka húijeja
[at the red stones] [that one] you will go. The hill at the foot of
*in the original MS, the /tc/ is inserted by a caret above the line and an initial letter is heavily crossed out. CW 67.53 has, "irécutcdja[-cutc-édja]". The alternant cudjis also attested. It may be that the final /a/ is from -hą, "towards", which would yield, -cudją. However, the context suggests that Radin's conjecture of -cutc-édjais the more likely. Also puzzling is iné, which ought to be ini-. The original MS translation has "red (stone)".
†CW 67.53 has jesgahorawácerekdjanèną, and Winnebago III, #6: 367.113 also merges the two words; but the original MS treats jesgáand horawáceré[∂]as distinct words. The form žesgais well attested as a free-standing alternant for žesge.
‡at the top right of page 173, Radin writes, "hudjedja, at bottom"; at the upper left of the page, he writes, "right at foot = base, bottom, i.e. next to root".

 

Winnebago II, #6: 173
rahi[ε´] [β] djé[∂] waraítcera réghera
rahigáją, éja jekjanéną, waraícera réǧera
[you are going,] [there] [it will be standing,] food kettle

 


 

dasáraxdjį djé[∂] [τ´] [β] waraitcanéna
tasáraxjį jekjanéną, gíži. Éja wáraicanéną.
greasy [it will be standing] [.] There you'll eat.

 


 

Waraitcc'úrucdjǫ́giji,* xéroradi[∂] xeagédja rahi[ε´]
Waraicšúrušją́giži, xéroratikjanéną. Xeagéja rahigáją,
When you get through eating, you'll climb the hill. On top of the hill when you get to,
*/c'/ is inserted above the line with a caret.

 


 

tcowéra hocurughítc réra[∂] [ε´]
cowéra hošuruǧíc rérakjanéną, gáją.
ahead you look [you will direct away from the speaker] [.]

 


 

 

djasgéacdjáranicéra hokugági [η][∂]
Jasgé hašjára níšera hokugági žésgekjanéną.
The way you saw it before to be less, [that way it will be.]

 


 

CW 68.58 —
[α] harákdjǫp[τ´] nécana hagédja c'uranicera*
Égi harákjąpgíži, néšaną hagéja š'ų́ranišera,
[And] when you look, [you only] before you had been,
*the original MS text has c'unanicerawith an /r/ written above the first /n/.

 


 

Winnebago III, #6: 368
hisgé hiróninágenągi[∂] [α] jegų cére[∂]
hisgé hiróninágeną́gikjanéną. Égi žégų šerekjanéną.
some they will be following you. And then you should go on.

 


 

x'éją x'edanína hacdjárenéra[∂] etcaráwacere[∂] [ε´]
Xéžą, xe tanína, hašjárenerakjanéną,* ecaráwašérekjanéną gáją.
A hill, hill the third, you'll see it in sight, you'll go towards [.]
*in CW 68.60, Radin has, "[hacdja-hereną-rakdjaneną]" as an analytic gloss.

 


 

x'ep'aídja rahi[τ´] mąsíxotcgédjadja nįjádjakéhudjádjá [β]
Xepaíja rahigíži, mąsíxocgéjaja nįžájakehujája éja
The foot of the hill when you get to, red willow break (?) clusters of reeds there

 


 

ép'a jejesgé horawáciré[∂] x'ep'aídja waraítcera
epa žežésge horawáširekjanéną. Xepaíja wáraicéra
[since then] [this way] you will have been going. The foot of the hill what you're going to eat

 


 

hojúdjekdjone wohǫ́na kárapiésgexdjį dje[∂] [β]
hožújekjane, wohǫ́na, kárapiésgexjį jekjanéną. Éja
it will be filled up, the kettles, [perfect] it will be. There

 


 

waraítcanéna [α] xérora dí[∂] xekísagédja
waraícaneną. Égi xéroratíkjanéną, xekísagéja
you're going to eat. And you're going to climb the hill, to the middle of the hill

 


 

xgą́ziragíkdjone ép'á mą́na codjojú* hacdjákdjanena
xgą́ziragíkjane. Epa mą́na šojožu hášjakjanéną,
you will take a rest. From there smoke reddish you will notice
*in a note at Winnebago II, #6: 172 verso (the page opposite), Radin has "mą́na codjoju= Indian summer". The word šojožuis a contraction of šotc-hožu, "filled with reddishness". The word , not only can mean "smoke" (Radin, Miner), but can also mean "time, year" (Marino). So mą́na šojožualso means "the reddish time" ("Indian summer"), perhaps referring to the change in the color of leaves.

 


 

[τ´] x'ehágera hánąnáji[τ´] [β] tcowéra
gíži. Xehágera hanąnážigíži,* éja cowéra
[.] The top of the hill you are standing, and there ahead
*CW 68.66 has gíjias a free-standing word.

 


 

hocurughítc rera[∂] [ε´] tcowéra [θ]
hošuruǧíc rerakjanéną, gáją. Cowéra jánąga
you look you're going to [.] Ahead many

 


 

hacdjáranicéra [ϕ] jenugáni[∂] hagédja hocúrughítc[ε´]
hašjára níšera* hąké ženugánikjanéną. Hagéja hošuruǧícgają,
you saw it before not it will not be as many. Behind if you look,
*here at CW 68.67, Radin retains the compound expression, hacdjáranicèra; however, this is not the case above.

 


 

Winnebago III, #6: 369
nécana hakdjiédja wiroconogeranicéra hageregi erohą́
néšana hakjiéja wirošánągeranišéra, hageregi e rohą́
you only [at the end] you had been following them, in back them many

 


 

Winnebago II, #6: 174
hironínągaį́[∂] [τ´] jée oniną́girekdjéra
hironínągaį́rekjanéną,* gíži. Žée honiną́igirekjéra†
they will be following you [.] They they will take hold of you and lead you
*the letters /re/, which form the third person plural, are missing from the original MS, as well as the corrected MS (Winnebago III, #6: 369.120), and have been (properly) supplied at CW 68.68.
†a second /i/, missing in the original MS and in Winnebago III, #6: 369.120, has been supplied by CW 68.69.

 


 

wauną́gi[∂]* [α] jegų ceré[∂] tcowédja x'é
wa'uną́gikjanéną. Égi žégų šérekjanéną. Cowéja x'é
[they will do it.] [And] then you should go right on. Ahead hill
*two bars (||) are placed after this word.

 


 

djoberá tcąt'į djį́bi[∂] etcaráwa cére[∂]
joberá cąt'į jį́bikjanéną. Ecaráwa šérekjanéną.
the fourth to come into view it will. Towards it you should go.

 


 

Gágų cérekdjanéga mopįxdjį wacgédjadjá horáceré[∂]*
Gágų šérekjanéga mopį́xjį wašgéjajá horašérekjanéną.
This way you'll go a most pleasant country white poplars you will come.
*just after this word a lattice-like symbol is place presumably to indicate the beginning of a new paragraph.

 


 

x'ep'aídja ráhi[ε´] waraítcera [β] djé[∂]
Xepaíja rahigáją. Waraícera éja jekjanéną,
To the foot of the hill you will come. [Food] there it will be,

 


 

wohǫ́na kárapiésgexdjį djesgadjé[∂] [β] waraitcanéna
wohǫ́na, kárapiésgexjį jésgajekjanéną. Éja wáraicanéną.
the kettles, [perfect] [they will be.] There you're going to eat.

 


 

[α] warátc cúrucdjǫ[τ]* x'eroradigi djobóhą
Égi warác šurušją́giži, xéroratígi, jobóhą
And eating when you have finished, [when] you've climbed the hill, [four times]
*this word is followed by double bars (||).

 


 

xgązirági[ε´] [α] horadí[∂] hihágera hananą́jį[∂]*
xgązirágigáją. Égi horatíkjanéną, hihágera hanąnážįkjanéną,
when you took rest Then you'll climb, on top you'll stand
*the syllable /na/ is written above the line.

 


 

[τ´] [β] tcowéra hocurughitc[ε] [ϕ]
gíži. Éja cowéra hošuruǧícgają, hąké
[.] [There] [the front] if you look, not

 


 

hiją́ tcowédja uágenį[∂]* hagerégi harákdjąp[ε´]
hižą́ cowéja uą́genįkjanéną; hágeregi harákjąpgáją,
one in front there will not be; back of you when you look around,
*an initial syllable /wa/ is lined out and above it is written /uá/.

 


 

hocúranicéra dedjaíxdjį tcąt'į dje[∂] hagerára
hošúranišéra tejaį́xjį cąt'į jekjanéną. Hagerára,
the place you started from a short distance it appeared it will be. In back of you,

 


 

[howuksíksik-hocuédja]* hirakére hironínageną́gi[∂]† [α]
howuksíksik hošuéja hirakére hironínągeną́gikjanéną. Égi
where you started at the place [back up to] they'd be following you. Then
*the brackets are in the text.
†the symbol "#" occurs at the end of this word.

 


 

Winnebago III, #6: 370
[β] cere[ε´] [ϕ] hári caraníkdjanéna
éja šeregáją. Hąké hári šáranįkjanéną,
there you should go on. Not [far] you'll not go,

 


 

[β] tciporokexedeją naį́[∂] hahiórakere[∂] wągíją
éja cipórokexetéžą naįkjanéną. Hahiórakerekjanéną.* Wągížą
there a large oval lodge it will be. You will walk in. A man
*the sentence, Hąké hári ... naįkdjanèną hahi-horakérekdjanèną, is labled as sentence 79a in CW 68, but in the translation at CW 71, it is designated 80.

 


 

[β] naį́[∂] hahaįtcųcgé† djasgéra
éja naįkjanéną. "Hąhą́ hicųšgé, jasgéra
there it will be.* "Greetings grandson, how
*this is sentence 80 of the Hocąk text at CW 68, but is omitted altogether in the translation at CW 71, where the number 80 is assigned to the next sentence.
†there is a vertical line drawn between hahaand įtcųcgé.

 


 

ráranicéje hinįgé[∂] [τ´] tcoka djasgehági
raranišéže," hinį́gekjanéną, giži. "Coká* jasge hági,
you have been doing?" he will ask you [.] "Grandfather, how I did,
*CW 68.82 is corrected to read tcokagá. The form of the original (which is well attested elsewhere) is retained in the corrected MS of Winnebago III, #6: 370.128. The word cokáis used as a form of direct address elsewhere (Bladder and his Brothers, The Old Man and the Giants), as well as cokára(Kaǧiga).

 

Winnebago II, #6: 175
[ϕ] hapérezenína hinįgé[∂] [τ´] hitcųcgé
hąké hapérezeníną." Hinįgékjanéną, giži. "Hicųšgé,
not I don't know He will tell you [.] "Grandson,

 


 

yaperezenąkcana p'įna é[∂] hitcųcgé warúdjere
yapérezeną́kšaną. P'į́na," ékjanéną. "Hicųšgé, warújere,"
I know. [It is good,"] he will say. "Grandson, eat,"

 


 

hinįgé[∂] tcekdjina howahíregi* wasgéjądjegí†
hinįgékjanéną. Cekjįra howahíregi wasgéžą jegí,
[he will say to you.] [Initially,] [at this end,] a dish there will be,
*the initial syllable /ho/ is inserted above the line by a caret.
†in CW 68.86, Radin has wasgé ghą́djegi. The word ghąis unattested, and apparently arose from misreading the /dj/ (= /j/) of the original MS as a γ, which he used for the phoneme /ǧ/. This is made the more likely by the fact that the original MS has the translation, "a dish", which would be wasge-hiją(> wasgeją, by sandhi). The corrected MS, Winnebago III, #6: 370.130 has, wasgéją djegi.

 


 

wanioitcge hįsgará herasaíją héradaghághapdjį
wanioícge hįsgára herasaížą, héra taǧáǧapjį*
meat white haired a horned one, horns scorched in different places
*The corrected MS, Winnebago III, #6: 370.130 has, dajájapdjį, which is the same mistake in reverse as that noted in the previous footnote. Cf. taǧáǧap, "to be scorched in places" (Miner), ǧap, "to skin, peel; tear up, scorch" (Marino), and perhaps tahahap, "flashes of lightning" (Marino).

 

warutc x'ópini hirakíų jésgadje[τ´] [β]
waruc xopíni hirakí'ų žésgajegíži. Éja
food [spirit] it is mixed with [it is going to be like that.] [There]

 


 

waraitcanéna djobóhą irajúgi* [α] jigé
waraícanéną. Jobóhą iražúgi. Égi žigé
you're going to eat. Four times put it in your mouth. And [again]
*on page 174 verso, Radin writes down the following conjugation: iájugi, "I put in mouth"; irajugi, "you put in mouth"; ijugi, "he puts in mouth, to put in mouth".

 


 

wasgé nųbédjadjegá [β] jigé waraítcanéna
wasgé nųbéjajega,* éja žigé waraícanéną.
dish the second one, there [again] you're going to eat.
*this is corrected in CW 68.88 (but not in Winnebago III, #6: 370.131), where it reads, hinųp.édjadjega.This form (hinųbédjadjega) is also attested in Thunder Cloud Marries Again. This is more usual, but from a generation before, Dorsey attests to nųbecara, "the second", so I have retained what may be a rare but older form.

 


 

djobóhą irajú[ρ´] [α] jigé wasgé
Jobóhą iražuánąga égi žigé wasgé
Four times put it in your mouth, and then [again] dish

 


 

Winnebago III, #6: 371
daniédjadjegá [β] wáratc [τ´] djobóhą
taniéjajega éja wárac, giži. Jobóhą
the third one there eat it [.] Four times

 


 

irajú[ρ´] [τ´] [α] jigé [β´] wasgé
iražuánąga gíži égi žigé éja wasgé
put it in your mouth, and [so] then [again] there dish

 


 

djobédjadjega [β] djobóhą iráju[ε´] [β]
jobéjajega éja jobóhą iražugáją. Éja
the fourth one there four times put it in your mouth. [There]

 


 

 

cawañkére[∂] cų́geronísge rorá tcakírisgeronísge [ϕ]
šawąkérekjanéną. Šų́geronísge rora cakírisgeronísge. Hąké
you'll be starting back. Like a dog body like a flea you'll look.* Not
*> tcakirisgera honisge. Radin (here, but not elsewhere) translates the word cakirisgeas "fly", which is a misreading of his own handwritting, where in the original MS, it is "flea". The word "flea" is written above "insect family", which has been crossed out. Miner says this word also means "fly", but here he is probably following Radin. Other than this, the meaning "fly" for cakirisgeis unattested. The meaning "flea" is found in the wordlists of Gatchet, Jipson, and Marino; in the Medicine Rite Foundation Myth, V. 4 (1, 2), Grandmother's Gifts, and in Jipson's list of towns (Cakereskehocora[Cha-ke-re-ska-ho-cho-ra], "Arcadia, Where Fleas Abound"). Given what is said later about the narrowness of the body, it is clear that this fits the flea but not the fly. Indeed, in his Road of Life and Death, Radin uses the word "flea".

 


 

s'í wanąį́na nixáninin[∂] [α] hirudíra
s'í waną'į́ra nixáninįkjanéną. Égi hirutíra
[a long time] your consciousness you will not lose. And ladder

 


 

mąkanni hirohikonuk wanínera [α]
Mąką́ni hirohíkanąk wanínera, égi
the Medicine Rite [to be made in charge of] it was in the possession of, [here]

 


 

ną́gi[∂] sánigocóro wakonocge hurá hąbérut'ékdjį
ną́gikjanéną. Sánįgošóro* wakonošge húra hąbérut'ékjį†
it will be. Right side frog leg dappled with Light-and-Life
*CW 68.93 has sánįk hoicórora.
†< hąp-hirut'ekdjį.

 


 

hirupínipini jesgadjé[∂] sánįgédja waxcúdjera nąp'norúsepdjį
hirupínipini žésgajekjanéną. Sanįgéja* waxšújera nąp'norúsepjį
twisted it will be. At the side red cedar blackened by handling
*after this word, CW 68.93 inserts jésgadjekdjanènąwhich is not found in either the original MS nor in Winnebago III, #6: 371.135.

 


 

harárucawąxdjį* jesgadje[∂] [τ´]. jeé akíaké
harárušawą́xjį žésgajekjanéną, gíži. Žeé akíake
smooth it will be [.] [These] of each one
*the original letters /inixdjį/ are underlined and beneath them is written the correction /awąxdjį/.

 


 

Winnebago II, #6: 176
wacininádjicónoki mą'úna nįgióminógenǫkí [β] rahí[∂]
wašíninájišánąki. Mą'ų́na nįgiominą́genąkí éja rahíkjanéną.
you must grab hold of them. Earthmaker where he's sitting there you will come.

 


 

ráhi[τ´] woxédexdjį wajǫ́waragá nįkáragíre[∂] [τ´]
Rahigíži, woxétexjį, wažąwáragá, nįkáragírekjanéną, gíži.
When you get there, much love, your relatives, they'll recognize you [.]

 


 

Winnebago III, #6: 372
hąkagá mąxiwicicík hamaníniną́kcana hą́kaga hahąheniną́kcana
Hąkagá mąxiwišíšík hamaníninąkšaną, hąkagá hahą́heniną́kšaną,
Never evil clouds they do not roll over, never night does not come,

 


 

hą́kaga maįdadjéhicicík hámanínąk'cana [ϕ] wajǫ́niją
hąkagá maįtajéhišišík* hamanínąkšaną, hąké wažą́nižą
never evil winds [they are not wafted,] not [a thing]
*CW 68.96 has, incorrectly, maįdjadjéhicicík.

 


 

CW 69 —
roguíniną́kcana warúdjera wanioítcgera djagúranątc [ϕ]
rogúįniną́kšaną, warújera wánioícgéra; jagúranąc* hąké
they want, the food meat; where all not
*< jagúra haną́c.

 


 

waranínąkcana djagu gipiésgerácana uną́kcana [α]
waranínąkšaną, jagú gipiésgerášaną 'ų́ną́kšaną. Égi
they don't have to work, where it is pleasant, it is done. And

 


 

mą'úna warewanína hanį́guadjíre[∂] hani
Mą'ų́na warewanína hanįguajírekjanéną. Hani
Earthmaker servants they'll come after you. [To take]

 


 

niągíregi mą'úna wé[∂] p'įrana* jigé
niagíregi, Mą'ų́na wekjanéną, "P'įráną. Žigé
[when they return with you,] Earthmaker he will say," "You did well. Again
*the text has p'įnana, with an /r/ written over the first /n/.

 


 

cérekdjegi caranána wąkcig howatcéhi djagúriją
šerekjégi, šaranǫ́ną, wąkšig howacéhi* jagúrižą
if you wanted to go, you could go, [men] tribe whatever
*for wąkcig howacéhi, CW 69.99 has wąkcik.howatcéhi.

 


 

raip'į́[τ] [β] wąkcíkc'įkdjégiji c'ųkdjéna nįgécge
raip'įgíži. Éja wą́kšíkš'įkjégiži, š'ųkjéną, nįgéšge
you like. [There] you'll live, you can do it, or

 


 

wanioítcge djagúriją [β] wąkcíkc'įkdjé[τ´] c'uną́na
wanioícge jagúrižą éja wą́kšíkš'į́kjegíži, š'unǫ́ną.
animal whatever there you'll live as, you can do it.

 


 

hinįgé[∂]*
Hínįgekjanéną.
Thus he will speak to you.
*just before this word, higíje is lined out.

 


Source:

For the original handwritten interlinear text (with commentaries in English) see Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago II, #6: 169-176; for the revised phonetic text (without the commentaries), see Winnebago III, #6: 362.91-372.140. Both a Hocąk text and an English translation are published in Jasper Blowsnake (Thunderbird Clan), "The Journey of the Ghost to Spiritland: As Told in the Medicine Rite," in Paul Radin, The Culture of the Winnebago as Described by Themselves (Baltimore: Special Publications of the Bollingen Foundation, #1, 1949) 66-72. A loose English translation is also given in Paul Radin, The Road of Life and Death: A Ritual Drama of the American Indians. Bollingen Series V (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973 [1945]) 257-264; and in Sam Blowsnake (ed. Paul Radin), Crashing Thunder. The Autobiography of an American Indian (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983 [1926]) 105-110. This story is discussed in Claude Lévi-Strauss, "Four Winnebago Myths," Structural Anthropology, vol. 2, trs. Monique Layton (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976) 198-210.